摘要:

AbstractLymphocytes from blood, lymph node and tumor have been tested for cytotoxicity against the K562 cell line which is known to be highly sensitive to lysis by spontaneously reactive cells. Cytotoxicity was found in all 13 samples from healthy donors and in 17/32 cancer patients. By contrast, activity was determined in only 1/18 lymph node and 1/14 preparations of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes. Lymph node cells were similarly nonreactive against 3 other cell lines known to be sensitive to natural cytotoxicity. Studies of the composition of the effector populations revealed no absolute deficit of a particular cell type although there were differences between them resulting from the different isolation procedures used. Enrichment of the lymph node population for non‐T, non‐B lymphocytes was ineffective in inducing cytotoxicity in previously non‐reactive samples although this procedure uniformly increased the cytotoxic potential of blood lymphocytes. Tests with blood taken during operation showed that the lack of reactivity in these preparations was unlikely to be a result of the effects of anesthesia or surgery. The reason for the low cytotoxicity in the lymph node and tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes is as yet

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830071102

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe have established 16 independent hybrid lines derived from a fusion between an AKR thyrnoma and mixed leukocyte reaction‐stimulated C57BL/6 spleen cells. The hybrids express both parental H‐2 alleles and show hybrid glucose‐6‐phosphate isomerase activity. Two of the lines showed Fc receptor activity not expressed in the parental thymoma. The AKR Thy‐1.1 allele was expressed in all hybrid lines, but no Thy‐1.2 could be detected. No killing activity was retained in the hybrid cells, probably because Sendai virus‐mediated fusion of killer cells resulted in the lysis of the thymoma f

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830071103

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBy combining velocity and linear density fractionations as well as target cell rosetting techniques we have isolated and morphologically identified the human effector cell type responsible for spontaneous, trypsin‐augmentable cytotoxicity against chicken red cells and human myeloma cell line targets. This cell is a large lymphoid cell with strong α‐naphthyl esterase activity concentrated in a limited area in the cytoplasm usually at the indentation site of a slightly reniform nucleus. Cells with this morphology also formed plaques on chicken erythrocyte monolayers. The cell is nonphagocytic and nonadherent, it carries Fc receptors but no complement receptors on its surface, and shows a weak affinity t o sheep red blood cells (SRBC). The frequency of these cells based on morphological analysis is 3 × 104‐ 6 × 104/ml in normal human blood. This cell shows similarities (surface Ig‐, Fc+, C3‐) with the human natural killer (NK) cells lytic to hematopoetic target cell lines but differs in that the cytotoxicity is augmentable by trypsin and the affinity to SRBC is lower. Therefore, we postulate that these two killer populations represent different subpopulations of hu

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830071104

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSuppressor cells involved in low zone tolerance to bacteriophage fd have been characterized by serological and physical methods. Suppressor T cells are peripheral T2cells which are Ly‐1‐, Ly‐2+and Ia+. They are of high electrophoretic mobility, sediment 5 mm/h at 1 × g in a linear Ficoll 70 gradient, but are not restricted to a distinct band in a discontinuous bovine serum albumin gradient. Adherent phagocytic cells of low electrophoretic mobility can act as amplifier cells with a much shorter half‐life than suppressor

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830071105

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMice primed with a thymus‐dependent form of Type 3 pneumococcal polysaccharide (S3),i.e.S3 coupled to erythrocytes (S3‐RBC) produce S3‐specific IgG antibody after secondary challenge with S3‐RBC. When mice are depleted of T cells by treatment with anti‐lymphocyte serum (ALS) at the time of priming, no IgG antibody is produced after secondary challenge. In order to determine the cellular basis for this phenomenon, various combinations of T and/or B cells from ALS‐treated or normal primed mice were transferred to irradiated recipients prior to secondary challenge with S3‐RBC. The results indicated that T cells were required at the time of priming with S3‐RBC in order to (a) prevent the induction of tolerance in S3‐specific B cells in mice primed with high doses of S3‐RBC, and (b) induce differentiation of IgG‐producing B cell precursors to Bλmemory cells in mice primed wit

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830071106

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA mouse lymphoma cell line has been established that is dependent for growth on the presence of an activated serum component. This growth factor is found in an inactive form in fetal bovine serum (FBS) and can be activated by 2‐mercaptoethanol and by macrophages. A factor‐containing fraction can be separated from FBS by Sephadex G‐100 chromatography and once activated, can be used as a substitute for whole serum in the culture medium without adverse effect on the cell growth. The significance of these findings with respect to the study of the immune response and cancer research is disc

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830071107

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe cytoplasmic levels of IgE (λ and e chains) of human myeloma cellsin vitroin different stages of the cell cycle were determined by cytophotometric techniques. Asynchronously proliferating cells were pulsed with3H or14C‐labeled thymidine. After fixation the cells were “stained” with fluorescein‐conjugated anti‐λ or anti‐λ sera. Fluorescence intensities, representing the amounts of λ and ε chains respectively, were determined by microspectrofluorometry. The same individual cells were then analyzed by dry mass and Feulgen DNA determinations using microinterferometry and microspectrophotometry, respectively. S cells were identified by autoradiography. This methodology thus enabled cell cycle analyses without using synchronization procedures.The amounts of λ and ε chains correlated well indicating a balanced relationship between them during the cell cycle. In 4 out of 7 experiments the IgE concentration ( = amount of IgE in relation to the cellular mass) fluctuated during interphase: it mostly increased during G1 followed by a decrease in S, sometimes with a recovery during G2. In the other 3 experiments no periodicity was found during the cell cycle,i.e.the cytoplasmic IgE accumulated at the same rate as the overall cellular proteins. Thus, previous published assumptions that Ig synthesis is always restricted to certain periods of the cell cycle, could not be confirmed. Instead, our data indicate that the cell cycle expression of IgE(λ) may be variable in a clonal cell population duringin vitroconditions. The explanation for this variability has ot been found. Using the same methodology, surface‐bound Ig however, always shows a noncyclic expression.A nonproliferating fraction of cells (9 %) was found. These cells, predominantly G1 cells, did not differ from proliferating G1 cells with respect to IgE content. Neither was there any relationship between morphology (immature or mature plasma

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830071108

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMouse spleen fragment microcultures produce a heat‐labile substance which agglutinated syngeneic erythrocytes. The substance reacted with an antigen present on some strains of mouse erythrocytes and on rat erythrocytes, but absent from other strains of mouse erythrocytes and from guinea pig, rabbit or sheep erythrocytes. Agglutination was inhibited by antisera to mouse immunoglobulins except for antisera specific to mouse IgM which enhanced agglutination. The agglutinin sedimented with 19 S Ig on ultracentrifugation and was destroyed by pretreatment with mercaptoethanol. Using a rosette assay increased numbers of cells, specifically binding syngeneic erythrocytes by means of a surface Ig receptor were demonstrated in spleen fragment micro‐cultures. It is considered that the agglutinin is a noncomplement‐activating IgM autoantibody and that the precursors of the cells producing the autoantibody are detected by the rosette

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830071109

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThymocyte subpopulations obtained after centrifugation on Ficoll density gradients have been studied in youn and 6‐week‐old mice. Whereas the totality of the thymocytes appeared Θpositive, gradient fractionaton showed the existence of a subpopulation of immunoglobulin and Θnegative lymphocytes among the lightest cells. Similar separation was obtained in both age groups in terms of the distribution of such Θnegative cells as well as of phytomitogen responses. However, cell pools with characteristics of cortical cells were less well represented in 2 to 10‐day‐old mice than in adult mice, indicating that post‐ natal thymic development is essentially associated with the appearance of cortical cell. The gradient did not however, provide a clear separation assessed on other parameterws such as Θantigen, concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin responses and steroid sensitivity. Cellular heterogeneity for a given cell density is discussed in relation to the hypothesis of two separate maturation pathways

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830071110

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMouse steroid‐resistant (Sr) cells of the thymus have been studied by means of a specific heteroantiserum. This antiserum was obtained in the rabbit after immunization with Sr thymocytes followed by absorption with high density cells isolated on a Ficoll density gradient shown to include a majority of steroid‐sensitive (Ss) cells. Antigens defined by this antiserum were found on Sr thymocytes and on a significant portion of spleen and lymph node cells, but not on Ss cortical thymocytes. Cells sensitive to this antiserum appear early in the thymus (by day 15 of gestation) at the same time as Ss cells. These results suggest (a) the existence of an autonomous Sr cell line, with its own antigenic markers appearing early in ontogeny (at the same time as Ss cells), and showing wide heterogeneity in density, possibly linked to variable degrees in maturation, and (b) the medullary origin or some peripheral lymphocytes in lymph node and spleen cells that share antigenic markers with Sr thymocy

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830071111

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY