摘要:

AbstractThe fluorescence‐activated cell sorter (FACS) was used to examine the expression of several alloantigens on T cells: Thy‐1, Lyt‐1.1, Lyt‐2.1, Ly‐5, Ly‐6 and Ly‐7. Antibodies secreted by monoclonal cell lines were used to characterize the Thy‐1.2, Lyt‐1.1 and Lyt‐2.1 antigenic determinants, whereas Ly‐5.1, Ly‐6.2 and Ly‐7.2 determinants were identified with alloantisera raised by conventional hyperimmunization. Using indirect immunofluorescence with fluorescein isothiocyanate‐conjugated reagents, the profiles obtained with the FACS demonstrated that: (a) the expression of Thy‐1 is greater on normal thymocytes than on cortisone‐resistant thymocytes (CRT), lymph node and spleen cells; (b) in contrast to Thy‐1, the expression of Ly‐1 on normal thymocytes is less than on CRT, lymph node and spleen cells; (c) about 90% of normal thymocytes but<50% of CRT, spleen and lymph node T cells are Lyt‐2+and (d) although weakly expressed on normal thymocytes, the amount of Ly‐6 and Ly‐7 present on peripheral T cells was considerably increased. The significance of these findings and the potential for further analysis of T

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830101202

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractC 3 H/HeN mice were immunized by skin painting with trinitrochlorobenzene or by inoculation of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‐conjugated syngeneic cells. Approximately four weeks later, spleen cells were removed, irradiated, and cocultured with spleen cells from normal mice. These cultures were stimulated with syngeneic cells conjugated with different concentrations of trinitrobenzene sulfonate (TNP‐self) or FITC (FITC‐self). The results demonstrate (a) appreciable helper cell activity from TNP‐self and FITC‐self‐primed mice, as determined by enhanced hapten‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses, (b) that FITC helper activity enhanced the FITC‐self CTL more efficiently than the TNP‐self CTL response, andvice versa, (c) an alloantigenic stimulating population failed to activate TNP‐self helper activity and (d) that the helper activity was not exclusively specific, since FITC helpers did enhance the anti TNP CTL response, and TNP helpers could enhance the anti‐FITC‐self CTL response. The results of this study indicate that these cell‐mediated lympholysis models permit an analysis of hapten specificity and cross‐reactivity at the different levels of cellular interaction involved in the generation of an

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830101203

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEarlier findings that human activated T blasts display HLA‐DR determinants have been confirmed. After phytohemagglutinin activation, Percoll gradient‐purified blast cells were cultured for two weeks in mitogen‐derived supernatants from human lymphocyte cultures. Using purified T blasts and internal labeling procedures, it was established that T blasts actively produced HLA‐DR‐like chains, as assessed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Further, HLA‐DR chains obtained from Epstein‐Barr virus‐transformed B cells and from T blasts of the same donor were compared. Two‐dimensional gel electrophoretic comparisons indicated a striking homology between 29 kD and 35 kD chains, obtained from the two different cell types. Peptide map analysis and preliminary amino acid sequence comparisons further supported this similarity. A more complete analysis would, however, be required to prove actual identity. The fact that human T blasts produce and display HLA‐DR molecules very similar, if not identical, to those present on B cells must then be incorporated into models discussing major histocompatibility complex‐restricted collaborations invol

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830101204

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIt has been shown previously that three different H‐2‐associated genes control the resistance to viremia and leukemia in Moloney virus‐infected mice: Rmv. 1, mapping to the I‐A or less probably K regions; Rmv. 2, mapping to the I‐C, S or G regions and Rmv. 3, mapping to the D or T regions. Experiments have been performed to determine the role of these genes in the control of the antibody responses directed against Moloney murine leukemia virus (M.MuLV) virions and/or leukemic cells. The inoculation of infectious M.MuLV failed to provide conclusive responses due to unequal replication of the virus in different inbred strains resulting in variable antigenic stimulations and/orin vivoantibody absorptions. The use of inactivated M.MuLV as antigen allowed to avoid these problems. It showed that (a) the IgG‐specific anti‐M.MuLV response is controlled by H‐2‐linked genes, (b) a clear correlation exists between high or low‐responder phenotypes and the resistance or susceptibility to M.MuLV infection and (c) all three Rmv genes behave like immune response genes. These results were not surprising for Rmv. 1 and Rmv. 2 which map in the I region of the major histocompatibility complex. It was more puzzling for Rmv. 3. Further experiments are necessary to determine the exact mechanism by which this gene controls

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830101205

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe role of thymus cells in mediating a step in the ontogeny of the capacity of the B cell population to produce a heterogeneous, high‐affinity, primary, plaque‐forming cell (PFC) response was further investigated. It was shown that the thymus acquires the capacity to facilitate this step in B cell differentiation between 3 and 4 weeks of age in C 57 BL/6 mice. This corresponds to the age at which the splenic B cell population of these mice naturally acquires the capacity to produce high‐affinity PFC. The findings are thus consistent with the view that the thymus regulates this step in the differentiation of the B cell population. It was further shown that the ability of thymus cells to facilitate the maturation of the B cell population decreases with age and is already markedly reduced in 30‐week‐old, long‐lived, C57 BL/6 mice. A qualitative or quantitative decrease in thymic function may thus be responsible for age‐related changes in the function of the B ce

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830101206

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe requirement of integration of viral proteins into cell surface membranes of host cells for elicitation of anti‐Sendai virus (SV) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) has been investigated. The purified hemagglutinin‐neuraminidase (HN) and fusion (F) glycoproteins of SV incorporated into phospholipid vesicles was used to analyze this question. Phospholipid vesicles possessing an active HN and F glycoprotein were capable of eliciting both anti‐SV CTL and antibodies. However, the incorporation of an inactive F glycoprotein into HN‐containing vesicles or its absence from such vesicles resulted in stimulation of only anti‐SV antibodies and not an

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830101207

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe immunological capacity of chickens infected with MAV.2–0, an avian osteopetrosis virus, was studied both morphologically and functionally. Infection of 11 to 12‐day‐old embryos with a high (0.58 × 106‐1.2 × 106plaque‐forming units; PFU) and an intermediate (5.8 × 104PFU) dose of virus resulted in severe stunting, as manifested by lower body and lymphoid organs (bursa, thymus and spleen) weights. The bursa and spleen of osteopetrotic chickens were poorly developed, the thymus partially necrotized; all lymphoid organs had fewer lymphocytes than controls, and there were far fewer germinal centers in the spleen of infected birds, as compared to controls. The humoral and cellular immunity of these osteopetrotic chickens was significantly suppressed, as assessed by (a) the plaque‐forming cell response against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in the spleen; (b) circulating antibody responses against SRBC,Brucella abortusand human γ‐globulins (HGG); (c) the delayed hypersen‐sitivity reaction against HGG; and (d) mitogenic responsiveness of peripheral blood and spleen lymphocytes to concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin M and pokeweed mitogen. A few birds, infected as 11‐day embryos with the lowest concentration of virus (2.9 × 104PFU) had no palpable bone lesions, the lymphoid organs had normal histology, and immune responses were quite similar to those in uninfected control birds. Osteopetrotic chickens, infected within 48 h after hatching (5.8 × 105PFU), had normal IgM‐class antibody responses against all antigens studied (SRBC,Brucella, HGG), whereas IgG and/or IgA responses tended to be lower than those observed in the normal controls. These findings, together with the regularly organizedsmalllymphoid follicles in the bursa, indicate a late affection of B cell development, whereas in the birds infected at 11–12 days of incubation, an almost total arrest of B cell development was observed. T cell functions of birds infected at hatching were suppressed to the same extent as those ofin ovoinfected birds indicating susceptibility of the T cell lineage to MAV.2–0 also a

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830101208

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMice primed i. v. with 109sheep red blood cells (SRBC) produce antigen‐specific T suppressor (Ts) cells which inhibit both the induction and the expression of delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH). These Ts cells are detectable in the spleen and lymph nodes 3–5 days after priming but are largely absent by 6 days. The transient detect‐ability of the Ts cells contrasts sharply with the profound antigen‐specific suppression which persists in primed donor mice for at least a year.Evidence is presented that this long‐term impairment of DTH is maintained, at least in part, by memory Ts cells which are Thy‐1+, cyclophosphamide‐resistant and antigen‐specific. Although they appear to be co‐induced with the short‐lived primary Ts cells and localize initially in the lymphoid organs, they are present in the long‐lived circulating pool of T cells and can be adoptively transferred by celomic parabiosis. Memory Ts cells are readily reactivated by lower doses of SRBC which would induce T effector cells rather than Ts cells in naive animals. Reactivated memory Ts cells seem to generate a population of antigen‐specific secondary Ts cells which again localizes in the lymphoid organs and can adoptively suppress the induction and

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830101209

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWith the aid of a specific rabbit antibody preparation to purified monoclonal murine IgE, two plaque‐forming cell (PFC) assays have been developed for the detection and enumeration of mouse IgE‐secreting cells. The first assay, utilizing protein A‐coated sheep red cells (protein A‐SRC), detected antibody‐secreting cells on the basis of the class of the secreted Ig irrespective of antigen specificity. With this assay, 30% of the viable cells of two distinct IgE‐secreting hybridoma cell lines were scored as PFC. Under these conditions, plaques were not obtained with IgG1or IgG2a‐secreting hybridoma cells. The second PFC assay, which utilized SRC coated with ovalbumin (OA‐SRC), enumerated cells secreting anti‐OA IgE antibodies. Similar kinetic patterns were observed for the cellular (IgE PFC/spleen) and humoral (IgE serum levels) responses of (C 57 BL/6 × DBA/2)F1mice following immunization with 10 μg of OA adsorbed to 1 mg of Al(OH)3. Thus, it is concluded that the reverse plaque assay detecting all IgE‐secreting cells, as well as the antigen‐specific IgE PFC assay, can be used for the quantitation of IgE response

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830101210

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAnalysis of reactivity of monoclonal anti‐Iakalloantibodies, obtained by fusion between NS 1 myeloma and spleen cells from alloimmune A.TH mice, permitted the identification of 9 distinct determinants of the Ikgene products. Competitive binding experiments indicated that 2 private epitopes (defined by H 8–109.13 and H 8–138.4 antibodies) of the I‐Akproduct could be separated, thereby apparently splitting the Ia.2 specificity. A public determinant of the I‐Akmolecule (identified by H 8–15.9 antibody) was found expressed not only on the 1‐A products of the H‐2b, H‐2d, H‐2ja, H‐2Pand H‐2qmurine haplotypes, but also on human HLA‐DR antigens. Four determinants of the I‐E/Ckantigen (defined by H 7–8.26, H 10–81.10, H 10–93.2 and H 8–86.2 antibodies) had a strain distribution analogous to the Ia.7 specificity. However, competitive binding experiments, and the cross‐reactivity pattern with la‐like antigens from other species (e.g.human HLA‐DR antigens) indicated that these antibodies detected distinct determinants on the I‐E/Ckmolecule, thereby subdividing the broad Ia.7 specificity. Two other determinants (defined by H9–14.8 and H9–15.4 antibodies) had a strain distribution that did not permit a precise assignment to a given Ia antigen, even though preliminary data suggested that they could detect separate determinants on the I‐E/Ckproduct. All these monoclonal antibodies identified membrane antigens with the expected Ia tissue distribution pattern, and most of them could precipitate a molecule containing two chains o

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830101211

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY