摘要:

AbstractWe have induced specific immunological tolerance towards (C57BL × CBA‐T6T6) F1skin grafts in newborn recipients of the parental CBA strain by one injection of 20 × 106or 40 × 106F1spleen cells. Approximately 80 % of the CBA recipients were highly tolerant (the grafts survived for more than 50 days). Many of the highly tolerant mice retained fully preserved grafts until natural death.The highly tolerant CBA mice had dividing (C57BL × CBA‐T6T6) F1cells in their spleen (12–13 %) and lymph nodes (12–15 %). The proportion of these cells decreased with time, but we found a few of them even at 567 days of life (0.7 and 4.2 %, respectively).We have concluded that specific immunological tolerance to tissue grafts induced at birth can last throughout the entire life‐span of a mouse. The tolerance persists in spite of a very low proportion of dividing donor cells within the lymphoid tissue of t

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830010502

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo different populations of small thoracic duct lymphocytes were separated by electrophoresis and characterized by electron microscopy. The high electrophoretic mobility region (HMR) consisted of small lymphocytes only and contained 75 % of the cells. After thoracic duct drainage or antigenic stimulation the morphological characteristics of the cells in the HMR remained unchanged. In contrast, the cells in the low electrophoretic mobility region (LMR) increased in quantity and showed morphological alterations after prolonged duct drainage or antigenic stimulation. Prior to stimulation small and medium lymphocytes were found in the LMR. After stimulation, blast‐like cells, immature plasma cells and “activated” lymphocytes, in addition to increased numbers of small lymphocytes, were det

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830010503

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAntigenic components of the particulate subcellular fraction from either rat thymocytes or lymph node lymphocytes can be obtained in a soluble form by reacting the membrane fraction with citraconic anhydride. As a result of citraconylation, 60–70 % of the proteins became soluble under physiological conditions and this soluble material was antigenically almost inactive. However, after decitraconylation at pH 5 and room temperature, the soluble protein possessed antigenic activity (10–20 % of the original antigenic potency of the lymphocytes) as tested by inhibition of the cytotoxic effect of heterologous anti‐lymphocyte serum on lymphocytes and by other assays. The soluble antigenic components thus obtained from rat thymocytes induced the formation of anti‐thymocyte serum when injected into rabbits. This antiserum was found to be active against thymocytes in the cytotoxic and opsonization assays and to suppress the rejection of skin all

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830010504

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA mouse myeloma light chain is synthesized by MOPC 41A myeloma plasma cells as the only immunoglobulin chain. After being synthesized the light chain migrates through different subcellular structures of plasma cells in a way very similar to that of other immunoglobulins: from rough membranes into smooth membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum and from there out of the cells. Radioactive mannose, galactose and fucose are incorporated into MOPC 41 A cells at rates and in amounts comparable to other immunoglobulin‐producing tumor plasma cells, indicating that no large pools of these sugars exist inside these cells. However, intracellular as well as secreted MOPC 41 A light chains do contain very little, if any, radioactivity stemming from these sugars. It is concluded that MOPC 41 A light chain is secreted with less than 0.1 residues of either mannose, galactose or fucose, and that the intracellular form of the light chain contains less than 0.2 residues of either of these sugars. Since an intracellular pool of free glucosamine cannot be ruled out, it remains to be seen whether MOPC 41 A light chain is also devoid of N‐acetyl‐glucosamine residues. The results are discussed in relation to hypotheses which postulate that addition of carbohydrate residues is requisite for transport and secretion of immunoglob

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830010505

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of a polyanion, polyacrylic acid, on the primary immune response in mice inoculated with sheep red blood cells was investigated. Polyacrylic acid caused early appearence and enhancement of 19 S and 7 S plaque‐forming cell response in mice from 48 h to 10 days after antigen inoculation. Hemolytic antibody titers confirm these results. The degree of the stimulation of the immune response by PAAC was dependent on the antigen and PAAC doses and their routes of administration. The polyanion also increased the background of 19 S plaque‐forming cells in nonimmunized mice and the serum γ‐globulin levels. The effects of polyacrylic acid and the effects caused by natural or synthetic polynucleotides and pyrancopolymer on immune response suggest that the polyanionic structure common to these substances may be responsible for their stimulating ac

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830010506

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDextran sulfate enhanced immune response in mice immunized with sheep red blood cells. This stimulation took place only when dextran sulfate was given close to the time of antigen injection. Dextran sulfate injected one day prior or one hour after antigen inoculation was ineffective. The degree of stimulation of immune response by dextran sulfate depends on the polyanion doses and on antigen doses used. Maximum stimulation of immune response could be noticed when 500 μg dextran sulfate was injected one hour prior to inoculation of a suboptimal antigen dose, both dextran sulfate and 2 × 106sheep red blood cells given via the same route intraperitoneally. However, significant stimulation of immune response also took place when dextran sulfate and antigen were given by different routes. Dextran has no effect on immune response, whereas DEAE‐dextran inhibits immune response in mice immunized with suboptimal antigen doses. Results obtained by these experiments clearly demonstrate that the polyanionic structure of polymers is a requirement for their adjuvant activ

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830010507

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPeritoneal cell populations from NMRI mice injected three times intraperitoneally with sheep red blood cells do not contain a significant number of plaque‐forming cells to sheep red blood cells. However, plaque‐forming cells do arise in such populations 3–5 days after transfer into tissue culture. Thein vitroactivation of these cells into antibody‐producing cells occurs without further exposure to the antigen. The culture system contained, in addition to the peritoneal cells, irradiated spleen cells from non‐immunized animals which were shown not to respond when cultured alone. The peritoneal cells as well as non‐producing spleen cells could be activatedin vitroat varying times after the last stimulation of the donor animal up to a period of several weeks. These observations suggest that there is a compartment of resting memory cells whose activation is not dependent on the addition

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830010508

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRecognition of cellular murine transplantation antigens by lymphoid cells could be blocked by antisera against recognition structures (RS). These antisera were provoked by the injection of parental strain lymph node cells in low doses into adult F1hybrids. The activity of anti‐RS antisera was highly specific. Treatment of recognizing cells with a particular serum inhibited the reaction towards a given transplantation antigen but did not impair recognition of another histo‐compatibility antigen. Anti‐RS antisera could be neutralized only by absorption with lymphoid cells carrying the specif

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830010509

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPolyalanyl determinants, when attached to acidic or basic carriers, provoke a specific anti‐polyalanyl antibody population, the majority of which possesses an electrical charge which is inversely related to that of the carrier. The alanine chains in the immunogens form complete determinants and the contribution of the carrier to the specificity of the antibodies is minimal. The anti‐polyalanyl antibodies, when fractionated into a more acidic and a more basic fraction, possess similar properties of their combining sites, as judged from hapten inhibition and equilibrium dialysis studies. Thus, the specificity of the antibodies and the combining site features are determined by the hapten determinants, whereas the net charge of the antibodies is determined by the net charge of the immunogen. The difference in the net electrical charge of the antibodies may reflect differences in areas of the molecule other than the combining site. A comparison of anti‐polyalanyl antibodies obtained with different carriers has shown that the specificity and size of the combining sites are similar regardless of the nature of the carrier molecule, whereas different affinities of the antibodies are obtained with different immun

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830010510

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInduction of low zone tolerance in mice after injection of either ultracen‐trifuged BGG or low doses of BSA was accompanied by competition of these antigens with immunization to the unrelated antigen OVA, although this competitive effect was less and of shorter duration as compared to the inhibitory effect observed during induction of high zone tolerance with either pneumococcal S III polysaccharide or high doses of BSA. Conversely, medium immunizing doses of BSA resulted in hyperimmunization to both BSA and the test antigen OVA.These results suggest that tolerance is induced through the same mechanism in the low as in the high zone of antigen dosage. A scheme is proposed in order to explain the induction of low and high zone tolerance which postulates that a characteristic quantitative antigen‐to‐cell ratio determines the induction of either tolerance or immuniz

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830010511

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY