摘要:

AbstractChromosomally distinguishable syngeneic mice were parabiosed and the resultant chimerism was followed for 6 weeks in the lymphoid organs, by culturing their cells with polyclonal mitogens, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for B cells and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) for T cells. As expected of a recirculating population, the T cells equilibrated completely. The B cells in lymph nodes (LN) and Peyer's patches (PP) also equilibrated completely, suggesting that they too are recirculating. B cells in the spleen and blood, however, did not equilibrate over this period. After separation of parabiosed mice, the percentage of partner cells in both the recirculating T and B lymphocyte populations declined steadily, but it continued to rise in the LPS‐responsive populations in spleen and peripheral blood suggesting that they were derived from precursor populations which were themselves chimeric. Injection of lymphocytes into CBA/Ca or CBA/N mice showed that LPS‐responsive populations in LN and spleen localized differently.These results have been interpreted as demonstrating two major populations of LPS‐responsive B lymphocytes in the mouse, one recirculating and the other sessile. The recirculating population appears to be the only LPS‐responsive population in LN and PP. In the spleen, however, the recirculating cells constitute about a quarter of the LPS‐responsive cells, while the rest are sessile cells. The relationship between these two populations has yet to be clarified. CBA/N mice are deficient in both populations but the sessile one appears to be more severely

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830131002

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe HLA‐A,B,C proteins are preferentially induced by interferon (IFN)‐γ. An increase in their synthesis and of their expression on the cell surface can be observed at concentrations of IFN‐γ which are lower than those inducing an antiviral effect. On the other hand, with IFN‐α and β, induction of these proteins can be observed only in the antiviral range of IFN concentrations. In human WISH cells, IFN also induces a protein with a molecular mass of 28 kDa (28K). The efficiency of IFN‐β and γ in inducing this protein is correlated to the efficiency with which they induce the HLA‐A,B,C proteins. The 28K protein can be immunoprecipitated with antibodies against β2‐microglobulin, just as the HLA proteins; yet it can be clearly distinguished from the HLA proteins in several respects: (a) it is not a cell surface protein but rather an intracellular one, with a relatively short half‐life, (b) partial peptide mapping suggests that it contains sequences distinct from those of which the HLA α chains or β2‐microglobulin are comprised and (c) the extent of its induction by IFN is much larger than that obs

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830131003

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractImmunization of mice with foreign proteins or particulate antigen induces the formation of immunoglobulin (Ig)‐antigen complexes which are strongly cytophilic for T cells and have been shown recently to markedly enhance the 7 S antibody response. In this report we demonstrate that pretreatment of the animals with cyclophosphamide or anti‐I‐J antiserum eliminates the difference in the antibody response between the mice injected with the complexes and the controls, in other words, the enhancement. Six hours after allogeneic stimulation the serum of mice contains also a cytophilic (for T cells) Ig which most likely represents, as in the case of the foreign antigens, complexes of Ig with alloantigens. The allogeneically induced 6‐h serum (6HS) contains a factor which enhances the cytotoxic T lymphocyte(s) (CTL) responsein vivo.As with the 7 S antibody response, pretreatment of mice with cyclophosphamide, in doses known to eliminate suppressor cell expression, “masks” the CTL enhancement of the allogeneically induced 6HS. The same result was also observed with the anti‐I‐J antiserum.In conclusion, the 6‐h complexes in cyclophosphamide‐ and anti‐I‐J‐treated mice do not produce a 7 S antibody or CTL response above that produced by the control group (no complexes).Using heat‐treated allogeneic tumor cells, known to induce suppressor cellsin vivo, we have shown that for a low dose of tumor cells, the allogeneically induced 6HS did not block the induction of suppressor cells, but completely blocked their function. These results suggest that the enhancement of both humoral and cell‐mediated immunity by the 6HS (complexes) is likely to be due to interference with normal suppressor cell function, that is

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830131004

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe nature of any virus‐specific T cells involved in controlling human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection in normal subjects harboring latent virus is unknown. As an approach to this problem, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) from normal seropositive subjects were cocultured with HCMV and responding T cells expanded in interleukin 2 (IL2)‐dependent culture, determining in particular whether HCMV‐specific cytotoxic T cells (Tc) were generated. Coculture of PBM with free HCMV resulted in the generation of short‐term T cell lines of predominantly helper phenotype (Leu 3a+), expressing no cytotoxicity. However, when PBM were cocultured on HCMV‐infected fibroblasts (autologous to the donor in these experiments) predominantly Leu 2a+lines were generated, which lysed HCMV‐infected cells. The cytotoxicity of these short‐term IL2‐dependent lines was HCMV‐specific and human HLA‐restricted; HCMV‐infected target cells expressing only early viral antigens were lysed. It is concluded that HCMV‐specific Tcprecursors are present in peripheral blood of latently infected individuals without preceding overt infection and that effector Tcmay be capable of lysing infected cells pri

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830131005

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIt has been hypothesized that internalization and “processing” of the nominal antigen by antigen‐presenting cells may be a mandatory event in antigen handling prior to cell surface presentation of the immunologically relevant moiety to T lymphocytes. In previous functional and immunochemical analyses of macrophage (MΦ)‐associated nominal antigen, we obtained data strongly suggesting that an immunologically relevant pool of antigen was detectable on the surface of MΦ pulsed with a soluble protein antigen and then aged for 3–24 h. To provide further information about requisite events of MΦ antigen handling, we have attempted in this study to determine the origin of the nominal antigen associated with the surface of the pulsed‐aged cell using the terpolymerL‐glutamic acid,L‐lysine,L‐tyrosine (GLT) as the antigen. The surface‐bound GLT, after a 24‐h culture, appeared to be derived from GLT initially surface‐associated after the pulse. No evidence was obtained to support the notion that a significant quantity of GLT, initially internalized after the pulse exposure, was recompartmentalized to the cell surface. The turnover of cell‐surface GLT resembled the turnover of MΦ membrane proteins in general. These results, therefore, imply that the crucial events of MΦ antigen handling of GLT may entirel

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830131006

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSolid‐phase immunoassay‐derived antibody titers are often converted to weight unit concentrations with the aid of standard sera containing known antibody concentrations. Systematic studies justifying this procedure have not yet been published. We therefore investigated the magnitude of errors associated with this conversion. Antibody concentrations of thirteen sera or ascites fluids were determined by quantitative precipitation or equlibrium dialysis, and one was then used as a “standard antibody” for the others in solid‐phase radioimmunoassay (SP‐RIA) or enzyme‐linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assays.Antibody concentrations determined by the conventional solid‐phase assay (the “standard serum” has the same specificity as the “sample”) had up to fourfold errors. These errors could be reduced by basing the conversion on the combination of two standard sera instead of one.The possibility was studied of whether the conversion to weight units could be done with the aid of a standard serum directed to a different antigen than the sample antibody. Errors associated with the use of such a heterologous standard were not significantly greater than those found using the conventional conversion. A combination of two reference sera again reduced the errors. The use of such heterologous standard(s), however, requires checking the binding capaci

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830131007

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHuman alloreactive helper T cell clones were isolated from a secondary mixed lymphocyte reaction by limiting dilution in the presence of irradiated stimulator cells and T cell growth factor (interleukin 2). When cultured with B cells and macrophages possessing the relevant alloantigens, the T cell clones proliferated and induced a strong B cell activation with production of high immunoglobulin levels. Limiting dilution of the B cells from the peripheral blood showed that about one in 5–10 can be activated to produce IgG, one in 10 IgM, one in 20–40 IgA and one in 2000–5000 IgE. Following stimulation by the relevant alloantigen, the clones were able to help also B cells that lacked the alloantigen, indicating that a direct T‐B cell interaction is not required.This method is particularly interesting because it is suitable for the clonal analysis of a B cell subset that is triggered in the absence of antigen by an unrestricted T ce

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830131008

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIt has been previously reported that goat‐ and rat antisera directed against Friend leukemia virus (aFLV) are mitogenic for some B cells, but not for T cells. Here we report that activation of T cells by concanavalin A (Con A) rendered T cells responsive to the mitogenic activity of aFLV. This activity was contained in the immunoglobulin fraction and could be absorbed by purified FLV preparations. Optimal conditions for measuring the mitogenc activity of aFLV include 48 h preincubation of thymocytes with 3 μg/ml Con A followed by reculturing the activated thymocytes for 28 h with aFLV. The acquisition of an aFLV‐responsive state was dependent on early protein synthesis during the Con A‐induced activation period. aFLV did not substitute for interleukin 2 (IL2) in a costimulator assay. Evidence is presented that aFLV acted in a cocultivation assay via growth factor(s). In contrast to control cultures, aFLV‐treated lymphoblasts contained, in their supernatants, IL2 activity as demonstrated by their effect on an IL2‐dependent T cell line. The data suggest that aFLV acted upon activated T cells by enhancing the endogenous production and/or rele

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830131009

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe relationship between mouse lymphocyte receptors for peanut agglutinin (PNA) andHelix pomatiaagglutinin (HPA) has been investigated by immunofluorescence (cocapping) and radiolabeling. In neuraminidase‐treated and untreated thymocytes there are two groups of glycoproteins which bind roughly equivalent amounts of PNA. One group also carries all the detectable receptors for HPA, the other binds only PNA. Binding inhibition experiments suggest that PNA and HPA receptors are in close proximity on the shared glycoproteins. The same two groups of receptors are present on 35–10% of neuraminidase‐treated spleen lymphoid cells, mainly immunoglobulin (Ig)‐negative lymphocytes. Almost all B cells have only PNA‐specific receptors. Five–12% of the untreated spleen cells appreciably bind PNA and only a few bind HPA.Solubilized glycoproteins specific for PNA or HPA were compared by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. The major PNA‐specific radioiodinated glycoproteins of neuraminidase‐treated thymocytes, as isolated by affinity chromatography, consist of the 185‐kDa and 195‐kDa components of the T200 antigen and of two (diffuse) components of about 140 and 120–125 kDa. All these molecules also bind to HPA‐Sepharose, with the exception of the 185 kDa component, which is probably the main constituent of the “pure” PNA receptors on the intact thymocytes. In gels directly labeled with radioactive lectins, the only band strongly labeled by PNA and HPA is the diffuse 140‐kDa band. The band at 120 kDa is well labeled by PNA, but all the other components are weakly labeled. The mobility of the 140‐ and 120‐kDa bands depends strongly on neuraminidase‐treatment. These bands cannot be detected in gels of untreated thymocytes, but a major HPA‐and PNA‐specific band of lower molecular weight can be labeled after treating the gels with neuraminidase. The factors determining the differences in labeling pattern obtained by different methods as well as the nature of PNA and HPA binding sites are discussed.The same major PNA‐ and HPA‐binding glycoproteins (apart from minor differences) are present on neuraminidase‐treated Ig‐negative spleen lymphocytes. The major PNA‐binding protein of B lymphocytes appears to correspond to the

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830131010

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSpleen cells fromNippostrongylus brasiliensis‐infected mice produce large amounts of histamine in response to adult worm antigen. This phenomenon results from the production of HCSF (histamine‐producing cell‐stimulating factor, probably related to IL3) by sensitized lymphocytes. This factor acts on its target cells (presumably mast cell precursors) by inducing a rapid increase in histamine synthesis. Similarly, parasite infection generates enhanced histamine production by spleen cells in response to concanavalin A (Con A). This results from increases in both HCSF production and the HCSF sensitivity of its target cells. In all cases, maximal histamine and HCSF productions are obtained on day 8 after infection and coincide with parasite rejection. Methyl prednisolone suppresses HCSF production by infected mouse spleen cells in response to worm antigen or Con A. HCSF activity is foundin vivoon day 8 in the sera of infected mice, 4 h after they are challenged with an i. v. injection of adult worm antigen. No activity is detected in the sera of normal mice with or without antigen injection. Sera from infected mice that did not receive the antigen exhibit a slight HCSF activity on day 8. Our data bring the first evidence of the existence of anin vivoproduction of

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830131011

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY