摘要:

AbstractCoating of EAC14oxy23b with highly purified human serum β1H globulin (β1H) led to acceleration of rosette formation with human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), tonsil lymphocytes, B lymphoblastoid (Raji) cells, granulocytes and monocytes. This reaction was discernible from C3bi‐dependent rosette formation. Enhancement of rosette formation of C3b cells by β1H was most effective at limiting amounts of C3 per EAC14oxy23b. The β1H effect was not due to trace contamination with C3b inactivator. β1H‐dependent rosette formation with the various lymphoid and phagocytic cells could be suppressed by the F(ab′)2fragment of anti‐β1H suggesting β1H‐mediated binding of β1H‐coated particles to complement receptor‐positive (CR+) cells.In turn, binding of fluid‐phase β1H to lymphoid and phagocytic cells could be demonstrated by fluorescence and by14C‐labeled β1H. In addition, the functional status of these cells with respect to their receptor reactivity was altered.Treatment of normal lymphocytes (PBL, tonsil lymphocytes) and of granulocytes with β1H improved their rosette formation with both EAC14oxy23b and EAC14oxy23b‐β1H. The reaction of monocytes was hardly affected. The β1H effect on Raji cells resulted in reduced rosette formation with EAC14oxy23b‐β1H, while binding of EAC14oxy23b remained unchanged.These results suggest the presence of sites on CR+cells, to which soluble and particlebound β1H can bind, leading to alteration of the functional status of the cells. In all likelihood, EAC14oxy23bi can attach

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830111002

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMMϕ) were grown in a liquid culture system in the presence of L cell‐conditioned medium as a source of colony‐stimulating factor. After a 4‐h pulse with antigen, cultured irradiated BMMϕ were capable of presenting the antigen to primed T cells as assessed in a T cell proliferation assay. Proliferation was optimal when BMMϕ were used between days 5 and 8 of bone marrow cell culture. T cells of Lytl and Lyt123 phenotype had to be present at the start of the culture period to yield an optimal response. Conventional antisera and monoclonal antibodies directed against the H‐2 I region and the I‐A subregion, respectively, proved inhibitory in this system. Cultured BMMϕ from low‐responder strains failed to present antigens under immune response gene control in a form that was immunogenic to T lymphocytes. Cultured BMMϕ might thus serve as a source of antigen‐presenting cells in the study of cell‐cell interaction and immune response gene

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830111003

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThein vitrogeneration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) specific for 2, 4, 6‐trinitrophenyl (TNP)‐modified syngeneic spleen cells is found to be almost invariably depressed in apparently healthy 18‐month‐old mice of the long‐lived (BALB/c × C57BL/6)F1hybrid strain. Studies of CTL production from Lyt‐2+thymus cells have suggested that pre‐killer cells may require, for maturation into effectors, the presence of a soluble helper factor, interleukin 2 (IL2), produced by Lyt‐2−cells which are themselves devoid of pre‐CTL activity. We have therefore developed a petri‐dish adherence technique for separating spleen cells into Lyt‐2+and Lyt‐2−populations in order to test for helper and pre‐killer activity independently. Pre‐CTL function is measured by stimulating Lyt‐2+cells in the presence of exogenous IL2. Helper cell activity is tested by adding Lyt‐2−cells to “indicator” populations of Lyt‐2+pre‐CTL. Estimation of IL2 levels in medium conditioned by unfractionated, TNP‐self‐stimulated splenocytes provides a second measurement of helper cell function.Mice 18 months of age, when compared to 4 month‐old controls, are found to retain nearly all of their pre‐CTL activity, but to have lost sufficient helper cell activity to account for the decline in unseparated spleen c

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830111004

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe uptakein vitrowas studied of3H‐labeled DNA‐anti‐DNA complexes by neutrophils and monocytes from human blood. Complexes were prepared from3H‐labeled circular double‐stranded (ds) DNA of bacteriophage PM2and anti‐dsDNA‐containing sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. After phagocytosis, cells and medium were separated. The cells were treated with DNase to remove adherent and noningested complexes before the cell‐associated radioactivity was counted. Thus, only complexes inside the cells were measured. The medium was analyzed for acid‐precipitable radioactivity. In this way, we found that neutrophils only phagocytose the complexes, whereas monocytes phagocytose the complexes and degrade the antigen. In contrast, both types of phagocyte degraded the antigen in tetanus‐antitetanus complexes. The degradation took place after phagocytosis, inside the cells. The difference in DNA degradation between neutrophils and monocytes correlated with the difference in acid DNase activity of the lysosomal fractions: monocytes contained DNase activity, neutrophils did not. With complexes made from DNA with131I‐labeled anti‐DNA, we found that both cell types degraded the antibody. Uptake of complexes and degradation of antigen increased with incubation time and cell concentration and was saturable with respect to complex concentration. The processes were inhibited by 5 mM mono‐iodoacetic ac

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830111005

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe influence was studied of the size of DNA‐anti‐DNA complexes on their capacity to induce phagocytosis and degradation by monocytes and neutrophils from human blood. An estimate of the size of the complexes was obtained by precipitation analysis, sucrose‐gradient velocity sedimentation and filtration over Nucleopore filters. The results show that only those complexes are processed that precipitate in 15 min at 3000 × g. These complexes have an S value of more than 25 000 and a diameter of more than 0.4 μm. Likewise, tetanus‐anti‐tetanus complexes also had to be precipitable in 15 min at 3000 × g to be processed by th

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830111006

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRegulation of the anti‐idiotypic response against MOPC 173 (M‐173, γ2a, ϰ myeloma of the BALB/c strain) was studied after syngeneic and allogeneic immunizations. The immunogen was M‐173 polymerized with glutaraldehyde, and hemagglutinating titers (HT) were determined with sheep red blood cell‐M‐173. H‐2 regulation of the response was clearly shown in mice having the same Igh‐Cagenes as the immunogen protein. H‐2dmice (BALB/c) are dispersed responders (HT: 80‐81 920) and 30% did not respond. H‐2kmice (BALB.K) are high responders (HT: 10240‐81920), and H‐2bmice (BALB.B) are nonresponders (HT<40). In animals of a non‐BALB background, similar observations were made: Igh‐Ca, H‐2kmice (C58) were responders, whereas Igh‐Ca, H‐2bmice (C57L) did not respond. However, more dispersed HT values for the C58 animals as compared with those of the BALB.K suggest that a second level of regulation by background genes might be superimposed. When alloimmunization was used in strains not expressing the Igh‐Caallotype (b, e, j), animals responded whatever the H‐2 haplotype (b, k, d). In this case, allotypic determinants might play a carrier role. All responder mice consistently made antiidiotypic antibodies as determined by hemagglutination and/or radioimmunoassay. Antibodies against new glutaraldehyde‐induced determinants were also produced but appeared in low amounts in syngeneic immunizations. In allogenic immunizations, various levels of anti‐allotype antibodies were detected.BALB.B (and BALB/c) mice are responders to U‐10 (γ2a,ϰ, BALB/c myeloma), polymerized with glutaraldehyde and can respond to the M‐173 idiotype when they are immunized with M‐173 coupled to a heterologous carrier (a human γ1, ϰ myeloma protein, Kle). The unresponsiveness of BALB.B mice to M‐173 is thus idiotype‐specific and is not due to a defect in the anti‐idiotypic antibody repertoire. Injection of M‐173 before M‐173‐Kle prevents the response to M‐173 but not to Kle, which favors the occurrence of suppressive T cells.Responsiveness is dominantly transmitted in (BALB.B × BALB.K)F1mice which are Igh‐Ca/a, H‐2b/kheterozygotes. Unresponsiveness found with the Igh‐Ca, H‐2bcombination is also observed in (BALB.B × B10)F1which are Igh‐Ca/b, H‐2b/b.Since F1animals between BALB.B and B10.A (3R), (4R) or (5R) are all nonresponders, genes involved in the response to M‐173 are not in the K, I‐A, I‐J, or I‐E subregions.

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830111007

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe clearance of particulate immune complexes consisting of erythrocytes sensitized with IgG or complement was investigated in (NZB × NZW)F1(B/W) mice. Treatment of castrated B/W mice with androgen or estrogen was able to modulate this clearance.Young (3‐month‐old) male and female B/W mice cleared IgG‐sensitized mouse erythrocytes rapidly, whereas older males (13 months) and females (7 months) showed a marked impairment in their ability to clear these cells. In addition, erythrocytes sensitized with complement in the absence of antibody were cleared within 5 min in young B/W mice. Older mice showed a greater and more rapid clearance rate of these cells.Castrated female B/W mice treated with androgen implants from three weeks of age showed improved clearance of IgG‐sensitized erythrocytes at 7 months, whereas estrogen‐treated male mice showed delayed clearance.These results suggest an age‐dependent defect in the clearance of IgG‐sensitized particles, perhaps due to diminished levels of serum complement and/or saturation of Fc receptors. In addition, there is an alteration in the clearance of complement‐sensitized erythrocytes which may be related to changes in macrophage activity or enzyme inactivators of C3 and C4. The possible mechanisms responsible for the hormonal modulation of clearance are discussed in relation to the known ability of these hormones to influence aut

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830111008

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA nonspecific immunosuppressive factor present in malignant (ovarian carcinoma) ascites fluid has been purified by acid extraction from a high molecular weight (>200 000) complex followed by preparative isoelectric focusing on Bio‐lyte media. It is an acidic protein (pI = 3.6) of mol. wt. 50 000 to 52 000 as estimated by gel filtration and composed of subunits of 25000 to 26000 estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, under reducing conditions. It inhibits the phytohemagglutinin‐dependent mitogenic response of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes by 50% at 2 μg/ml concentrationsin vitroand suppresses 80% of the plaque‐forming cell response to sheep erythrocytes at 100 μg per mousein vivo.Its chemical identity with any of the known plasma proteins has not been established. Its failure to stain with periodic acid Schiff's reagent indicates its minimal content of carbohydrates. It is susceptible to tryptic and pronase digestion but insensitive to deoxyribonuclease and ribonuclease digestion. A smaller suppressive factor identified in the same fluid appears to be a lymphotoxin; it differs from the acid‐extracted nonspecific suppressive factor in its lack of susceptibility t

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830111009

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractUsing 2′‐deoxycoformycin inhibition of adenosine deaminase as a model of adenosine deaminase deficiency, the effects of 10 μM 2′‐deoxyadenosine (dAdo) on the metabolism of concanavalin A (Con A)‐stimulated rat thymocytes were studied. When dAdo and Con A were added simultaneously, a strong inhibition of the incorporation of [3H]thymidine (84%); [3H]uridine (98%) and L‐[3H] leucine (46%) in the acid‐insoluble fraction, and of [14C]formate (78%) and H14CO3−(43%) uptake is observed after 48 h of incubation. When dAdo is added after 12 h of Con A stimulation, no such inhibition is observed, but when added after 24 h of stimulation, there is an enhancement of blastogenesis as measured by nucleic acid, protein, and purine and pyrimidine base synthesis. More detailed studies of thymocytes stimulated by Con A for 0–72 h, followed by short‐term incubation periods with dAdo (1–5 h), revealed that thymocyte metabolism becomes progressively less sensitive to dAdo‐mediated inhibition during the

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830111010

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effects of interferon inducers on different cytolytic mechanisms were studied in the high leukemia mouse strain AKR. A clear depression in baseline cytolytic potential and interferon‐mediated stimulation of natural killer cell activities was demonstrated. This depression was most pronounced after 8 weeks of age. In contrast, antibody‐dependent, cell‐mediated cytotoxicity against IgG‐coated chicken red blood cells was always normal. Bone marrow chimeras between CBA and AKR mice were produced to investigate the influence of bone marrowvs.host‐mediated factors in these two strains with regard to interferon induction and cytolytic functions. Bone marrow genotype was found to be the dominating factor with regard to both parameters. Mice reconstituted with AKR bone marrow were deficient both in interferon production using tilorone and Newcastle disease virus as inducers, and at the level of natural killer cells responding to exogenously administered interferon. The possible relationship between these findings and the development of lymphomas in AKR mice is

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830111011

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY