摘要:

AbstractBSVS mice gave abnormally low IgG responses to 5 thymus‐dependent antigens as well as a weak delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to sheep red blood cells. In contrast to IgG, the IgM antibody responses of these mice were normal to three T‐independent antigens as well as to all five T‐dependent antigens. The low immune responsiveness of BSVS mice was also reflected in the low levels of IgG2a, IgG2band IgG3in their normal serum. The low T‐dependent immune responses may result from BSVS mice having been selectively bred for susceptibility to infection with St. Louis encephalitis virus and Salmonella. C57BL/6J mice, which are also highly susceptible to Salmonella, gave low immune responses similar to, but genetically distinct from, those of BSVS mice. The levels of Ig‐positive and theta‐positive cells were normal in BSVS and

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830090402

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMouse bone marrow cells are cultivated in a liquid culture system in the presence of fibroblast conditioned medium. Under these conditions, proliferation of macrophage and granulocyte precursor cells is induced. Cells of a 5‐day‐old culture are shown to act as cytotoxic effector cells against tumor targets such as P815, E14, YAC and L5178 Y. The effector cell is of macrophage origin since it is susceptible to treatment with the alloantiserum Mph‐1.2 plus complement. The kinetics of the reaction resembles the kinetics for killer (K) lymphocyte lysis. In contrast to bone marrow cells, peritoneal macrophages do not show cytotoxic activity against antibody‐coated tumor targets although they are susceptible to activation to cytotoxicity by lymphokines. The possible relationship of bone marrow effector cells and K lymphocytes is di

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830090403

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMacrophage precursor cells were cultured from the bone marrow of mice in a liquid culture system in the presence of conditioned medium. To separate their different maturation stages, they were passed through a discontinuous Ficoll density gradient, treated with iron plus magnet or passed through glass bead columns. The different maturation stages have been tested for their function in antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against tumor target cells and in lymphokine‐induced macrophage‐mediated cytotoxicity. It is shown that the promonocyte, a nonadherent, nonphagocytic precursor cell, is a highly potent cytotoxic effector cell against antibody‐coated tumor targets but is totally inactive as an effector cell in lymphokine‐induced macrophage‐mediated cytotoxicity. In contrast, in the lymphokine‐induced macrophage‐mediated cytotoxicity the cytotoxic effector cell is a mature macrophage. Thus, ADCC seems to be a function of the macrophage precursor promonocytes, whereas lymphokine‐induced cytotoxicity is performed by mature macrophages. The relationship of promonocytes and killer (K) cells in ADCC against tumor tar

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830090404

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe cellular distribution and the differential expression of HLA on cell suspensions and tissue sections has been investigated using the monoclonal antibody W6–32, which reacts with the high molecular weight chain of the major histocompatibility antigen. Lymphocytes and platelets, as assessed by autoradiographic and immunoperoxidase labeling, were the most densely labeled cells. Myeloid precursors showed more labeling than mature neutrophils. Electron microscopic immunoperoxidase labeling showed a continuous distribution of HLA antigen on lymphoid and myeloid cell membranes. Erythroid precursors (including reticulocytes), although very weakly labeled, were clearly positive, in comparison with mature erythrocytes. In the thymus, HLA‐negative, thymocyte antigen‐positive cells (85%) can be distinguished from HLA‐positive, thymocyte antigen‐negative cells (15%). By using immunofluorescence techniques on tissue sections, the former cells were shown to be cortical thymocytes and the latter medull

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830090405

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThree rabbits of genotype a1n81f73g74/a2n82f71g75which had been injected at birth with anti‐a 1 (VH) antiserum and which were previously shown to be suppressed for the paternal allotypes a1, n81, f73 and g74 at 8 weeks of age, were monitored over a 2‐year period for the concentration of suppressed and non suppressed allotypes in their sera. In all three suppressed animals, the f 73 (Cα) and g74 (Cα) allotypes were expressed again at a much greater rate than the a1 (VH) and n81 (Cμ) allotypes. In one suppressed animal, the a 1 (VH) allotype was re‐expressed at a much greater rate than the n81 (Cμ) allotype and reflected primarily the reappearance of a 1 IgG. Thus, the escape from allotype suppression in this animal was in the order IgA, IgG, IgM which is the reverse of the order of appearance of these Ig classes during ontogeny. While the al(VH) and n81 (Cμ) allotypes remained suppressed, the f 73 (Cα) and g74 (Cα) allotypes were re‐expressed to the same concentration as in the unsuppressed controls, and no compensatory decrease of the f71 and g75 allotypes occurred. During the re‐expression of the f 73 and g74 allotypes, the ratio of the concentrations of f 73/g74 remained approx

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830090406

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis report compares the sensitivity of 17 tumor cell lines to cytolysis mediated by natural killer (NK) cells or by activated, bone marrow‐derived macrophages (AM) from 15 inbred mouse strains. Some tumor cell lines, notably P815, were highly sensitive to AM‐mediated lysis but almost completely insensitive to NK cells, whereas other cell lines were lysed by NK cells but not AM. In a genotype survey, some low‐responder strains in the NK system, such as A/Sn, were high responders in the AM system, and, conversely, one intermediate to high‐responder strain (C3 H/HeJ) in the NK system was a low responder in AM‐mediated cytolysis. In addition, macrophage cytotoxicity factor was necessary to activate macrophages, but this lymphokine did not augment NK activity. Furthermore, the NK population did not contain pre‐activated macrophages since pre‐activated cells were removed on glass bead columns or by iron carbonyl and a magnet; treatments which have been previously shown not to affect NK cells. These results suggest that NK cells are distinct from AM in physical characteristics, target selectivity, genotype distribution and the mechanism

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830090407

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAdults of four anuran amphibian species and five urodele species were immunized with a 25% suspension of horse erythrocytes. After 8 or 14 days, spleen lymphocytes were removed and their specific red cell‐binding capacities tested by immunocytoadherence. Antigen‐binding cells were classified as high‐dose nonsecretory or secretory according to whether they bound a single layer or several layers of erythrocytes. Adrenaline stimulated α and β adrenoreceptors of cells from all four anuran species, giving an α effect (a reduction in rosette formation) in the presence of β antagonists, and a β effect (an increase) in the presence of α antagonists.Responses similar to α and β adrenergic responses were shown by samples treated with dibutyryl cyclic GMP (db‐cGMP) and dibutyryl cyclic AMP (db‐cAMP), respectively, and added methylxanthines and ionophores also increased rosette formation byXenopus laevislymphocytes. Added alone, the antagonists used did not affect rosette formation, and the increase induced by db‐cAMP was not blocked by a β adrenoreceptor antagonist.The stimulation of a and/or β adrenoreceptors resulted in a reduction in rosette formation by cells from all five urodele species, as did the addition of db‐cGMP. However, in samples from four urodele species, db‐cAMP increased rosette formation. Added db‐cAMP reduced rosette formation by lymphocytes from the fifth urodele species tested,i.e. Triturus cristatus carnifex.The results are discussed in terms of the involvement of surface adrenoreceptors and intracellular mechanisms in the regulation of immune responses, and in terms of the evolution of immune c

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830090408

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn anti‐idiotypic antiserum specific for the antibodies directed against the terpolymer poly(Glu60, Ala30, Tyr10), referred to as GAT, has been prepared in rabbit immunized with anti‐GAT antibodies purified from ascites fluid of BALB/c GAT responder mice. The specificity of this serum has been investigated. The interaction between125I‐labeled anti‐GAT antibodies and the anti‐idiotypic antiserum is specifically inhibited by anti‐GAT antiserum or anti‐GAT ascites fluid. GAT and the copolymer of L‐glutamic acid50‐L‐tyrosine50, but not the closely related copolymer of L‐glutamic acid60‐L‐alanine40, inhibit the idiotype‐anti‐idiotype binding indicating a close association of idiotypic determinants with the antibody combining site. This GAT idiotype was found in the anti‐GAT antibodies of all individuals of all inbred strains of mice tested regardless of their allotypic markers. This GAT idiotype has also been found in serum of nonresponder mice immunized with GAT bound to methylated bovine serum albumin. Therefore, the existence of a GAT cross‐reactive idiotype represented in a very large number of inbred strains of mice has been identified. These results are in contrast to results obtained in other experimental systems where linkage was always observed between allo

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830090409

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe have previously described the derivation of M1/70, a hybrid myeloma line secreting monoclonal rat anti‐mouse cell surface antibody (Springer, T., Galfre, G., Secher, D. S. and Milstein, C,Eur. J. Immunol.1978.8: 539). We have now investigated the cellular distribution of this antigen using a125I‐labeled anti‐rat IgG indirect binding assay, the fluorescence‐activated cell sorter, autoradiography and precipitation of cell surface molecules. Screening with a tumor cell panel showed strong reactivity with a macrophage‐like line but no reactivity with B or T lymphoma lines. In normal tissues, M1/70 antigen was found to be present in small amounts on spleen and exudate granulocytes and a subpopulation of bone marrow cells, in moderate amounts on spleen and blood monocytes and expressed in much larger amounts on spleen histiocytes and peritoneal exudate macrophages. In contrast, M1/70 antigen was found to be absent from erythroid and lymphoid cells. M1/70 antibody precipitated two polypeptides of 190 000 and 105 000 mol. wt. which were present in much greater amounts on peritoneal exudate macrophages than on spleen cells. The expression on phagocytes of two other antigens identified by monoclonal antibodies M1/69 and M1/9.3 was also examined. Monocytes and granulocytes expressed large amounts of M1/69 and low amounts of M1/70 antigen, while in peritoneal exudate macrophages this pattern was dramatically reversed. M1/70 thus defines a differentiation antigen on mononuclear phagocytes and granulocytes, the expression of which is specifically increased during monocyte maturation. This antibody is the first to be described which recognizes a discrete molecule specific to p

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830090410

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe role of monocytes, B cells, and adherent and nonadherent T cells in the response of purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD) as measured by [3H]thymidine uptakein vitrohas been explored. The response to PPD was found to be highly dependent on monocytes, to approximately the same extent as previously found for the responses to concanavalin A (Con A) and phytohemagglutinin. The response to PPD was also found to be highly dependent on a population of adherent T cells different from the adherent T cell population involved in the response to Con A. In the case of PPD, the effect was additive, as opposed to the potentiating effect seen for Con A. Further, the adherent T cells involved in the response to PPD were much more sensitive to hypotonic shock than those in the response to Con A. B cells were also found to be important in the response to PPD, although only to a slight extent.

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830090411

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY