摘要:

AbstractAnti‐idiotypic antibodies were raised against the mouse (γ2a, κ) myeloma protein MOPC 173 in syngeneic, allogeneic and xenogeneic conditions. Syngeneic immunization resulted in individual hemagglutination titers ranging from 1:40 to 1:160000 with about 30% of nonresponders, whereas upon allogeneic immunization (in A/J mice) almost all animals responded, with titers ranging from 1:1250 to 1:320000. Anti‐idiotypic antisera were also obtained in the rabbit.Inhibition of a radioimmunoassay using125I‐labeled MOPC 173 Fab fragments as the reference antigen indicated that the native Ig and the Fab competed on a similar molar basis. No inhibition was observed with the Fc or with other mouse monoclonal Ig, of the same or different classes or subclasses. Standard BALB/c serum did not inhibit either.Whatever the anti‐idiotypic antiserum used, idiotypic determinants were not found on isolated heavy (H) and light (L) chains provided they were carefully purified. Reoccurrence of idiotypic determinants was obtained in high yield whenever Ig molecules were reformed from the homologous H and L chains, whereas no potentiation of the low inhibition of isolated chains was observed when hybrid molecules were formed using heterologous complementary chains isolated from the MOPC 21A (γl, ϰ) or the LPC 1 (γ2a, ϰ) protein. These results suggest that MOPC 173 idiotypic determinants rely on the specific H‐L interaction and that they must be largely conformational in nature.Heterogeneity of the anti‐idiotypic antibodies was analyzed by isoelectric focusing. A major pattern was observed for the A/J antisera, whereas, in the case of BALB/c, expression of a few clones, characteristic of each “high responder” animal, was strongly suggested, superimposed to faint production of antibodies by clones that we

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830091102

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn order to assess the T cell response toLeishmania tropicain the mouse, a recently described method for the study of T lymphocyte activation by protein antigens has been used. Periaortic and inguinal lymph node cells obtained from mice previously injected at the base of the tail withL. tropicaemulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant exhibited intense proliferation when cultured in the presence of parasites, as assessed by measuring of [3H]thymidine incorporation. The response was antigenspecific, was demonstrable from 4 to 75 days afterin vivopriming and was T cell‐ dependent by the following criteria, (a) treatment of lymph node cells with rabbit anti‐mouse thymus lymphocyte antigen (MTLA) antiserum and complement greatly reduced the magnitude of the response, (b) purified T cells responded as efficiently as unfractionnated lymph node cells provided irradiated normal peritoneal exudate cells were also added to the culture. Finally, normal peritoneal exudate cells pulsed with L.tropicawere able to induce a proliferative response of primed T cells in the absence of extracellular parasites. Therefore, this assay provides a reliable method to measure parasite‐induced T cell proliferation and a convenient system to study the nature of the interactions between antigen‐presenting cells and primed T cells in the induction of a specific T cell response to parasite a

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830091103

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe injection of antibody directed against either the IgM‐1 a or IgM‐1 b allotype into heterozygous (M‐la/M‐lb, G‐lg/G‐li) B 14‐line chickens produced suppression of the relevant IgM‐1 and genetically linked IgG‐1 allotypes in their serum, as quantitated by single radial immunodiffusion. Suppression of the IgM‐1 and IgG‐1 allotypes was associated with a compensatory increase in the alternative IgM‐1 and IgG‐1 serum allotype levels. This suppression was induced (a) by passive injection of anti‐allotype antiserum into 13‐day‐old embryonal or neonatal recipients, or (b) by egg yolktransmitted antibody in chickens hatched from homozygous B 14 A (M‐la, G‐lg) hens immunized against the IgM‐l b of the homozygous B14C (M‐lb, G‐li) rooster. Heterozygous chickens injected embryonally with anti‐allotype antiserum were profoundly suppressed for at least 16 weeks after hatching, while neonatally injected chickens showed a gradual recovery of both IgM‐1 and IgG‐1 allotypes over the same period. Suppression of the IgM‐1 b allotype could be induced in heterozygotes which had inherited the M‐lballele either maternally or paternally. However, no suppression of either IgM‐1 or IgG‐1 levels could be detected in homozygous chickens injected with the relevant anti‐allotype antiserum. Hence, allotype suppression only occurred in M‐1 heterozygous chickens which had an alternative source of B cells available. The involvement of a B cell surveillance mechanism in allotype suppression is postul

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830091104

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBy labeling Thy‐1‐positive cells of rats with xenoanti‐Thy‐1 or mouse alloanti‐Thy‐1 antibody and separating them from Thy‐1‐negative cells on a fluorescence‐activated cell sorter, it was shown that early lymphopoietic stem cells all carry Thy‐1‐antigen. This was so for both young, adult bone marrow and near‐term fetal liver cells. Two kinds of assay were used: long‐term radiation chimeras employing B and T cell alloantigens to mark cells of donor origin, andin vivocolony‐forming units in the spleens of irradiated recipients (bone marrow only). Thy‐1‐negative cells gave essentially no B or T progeny, even 6 to 12 months after reconstitution of the chimeras. The kinetics of appearance of Thy‐1‐positive cells in rat marrow, which peaked at 6‐8 weeks of age, were also studied. In rats, Thy‐1 is on the surface of pluripotent stem cells and on early

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830091105

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMurine splenocytes contain two minor subpopulations of B cells, one inducible by lipopolysaccharide to convert within 2 h from IgD−to IgD+and the other to change from IgD+to IgD−. These two subpopulations can be separated by density centrifugation. Their relative proportions show a marked age dependency: IgD−→ IgD+cells are more frequent in suckling mice, while IgD+→ IgD−inducible cells become predominant in mice older than 3 weeks. The age dependency observed in the relative proportions between the two cell types suggests that they are ontogenetically related as progenitor‐successor. This hypothesis is corroborated by phenotype analysis of the two subsets, revealing IgD−→ IgD+cells as IgM+, Ia+, complement receptor−(CR−) and IgD+→ IgD−cells as IgM+, Ia+, CR+.Our data show that IgD and CR are expressed concomitantly during B cell differentiation. On further differentiation, induced by lipopolysaccharide, both markers are lost from the cell surface at different rates: IgD decreases significantly in a very short period (8 h). The loss of IgD may thus herald an early differentiation event toward

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830091106

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractData are presented which indicate that B cells expressing the cross‐reactive idiotype associated with anti‐p‐azophenylarsonate antibodies of A/J or allotype‐congenic C.AL‐20 mice are present in neonatal mice. Data were obtained by direct immunization of neonatal mice or by adoptive transfer of cells from neonatal C.AL‐20 mice into idiotype‐negative BALB/c recipients. These findings, together with those previously reported for antibodies to phosphocholine in BALB/c mice, support the generalization that major cross‐reactive idiotypes may usually be found early in the life‐span of a mouse. The contrast between the frequency of appearance of the major cross‐reactive idiotypes and “private” idiotypes with the same antigen‐binding specificity, which are found after immunological suppression of the major idiotype, is consistent with the possibility that cross‐reactive idiotypes are the product of germ line genes or minor somatic variants of germ line genes while private idiotypes arise through somatic diversification. Alternatively, regulatory mechanisms may account for the striking difference. The present results are therefore consistent with the early expression of germ line genes controlling the major idiotype or of corresponding regulatory genes. The average concentration of idiotype, per unit weight of anti‐phenylarsonate antibody, is somewhat lower in neonatal than in adult A/J mice indicating that the major idiotype does not account for all of the antibody produced in response

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830091107

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCytotoxic T cell (CTL) responses to cells coupled with high or low doses of the hapten 3‐(p‐sulfophenyldiazo)‐4‐hydroxyphenyl acetic acid (SP) were studied. CTL responses to densely coupled cells were obtained with all mouse strains tested. Only mice carrying the Kkallele responded to sparsely coupled cells. Mice expressing I‐Akbut not Kkwere nonresponders. (Responder × nonresponder) F1hybrids respondedin vitroto sparsely coupled cells from responder but not from nonresponder mice. However, responder mice could be cross‐primedin vivowith SP‐coupled cells from nonresponder mice. CTL responding to sparsely coupled cells were restricted to Kk. Cross‐reactive lysis of target cells not carrying the Kkallele was dependent on the hapten density and the H‐2 haplotype carried b

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830091108

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractResponses to Thy‐1 were used as a model system to examine parameters which affect the production of antibody‐secreting lines derived from somatic cell hybridization. Experiments with the Thy‐1.1 response revealed that the frequency of clones producing Thy‐1.1 antibodies is a constant of 4 to 6% for each 10000 plaque‐forming cells (PFC) input in the fusion cell mixture, regardless of the maturational stage of the response. Therefore, PFC responses to Thy‐1 were optimized by studying variables in the choice and dose of antigen, the response kinetics and in the fusion procedures. Thus, to produce Thy‐1.1 antibody‐secreting cell lines, we used (a) spleen cells at the peak of the PFC response, (b) xenogeneic (rat) rather than allogeneic donors, (c) secondary rather than primary responses and (d) high ratios of NS‐1 to spleen cells.For the reproducible production of Thy‐1.2 antibody‐secreting hybridomas, PFC responses to Thy‐1.2 were similarly optimized in AKR mice. Response kinetics and antigen dose were shown to be very critical parameters. By varying the number of cells used for priming, it was revealed that doses only slightly higher than optimal produced a dramatic hyporesponsiveness in the subsequent secondary response. Using the above information, hybrid lines secreting antibody to Thy‐1.2 were obtained reproducibly and one line, F7D 5, which secretes a cytotoxic IgM antibody was characterized in detail since a monoclonal antibody may differ from conventional antisera for immunochemical and genetic reasons.Serologically, F7D 5 Thy‐1.2 antibody was found to behave as a conventional Thy 1.2 alloantiserum, At high dilutions however, the antibody can be used to discriminate long‐lived T cells (adult thymectomized mice) from newly produced T cells (antilymphocyte antiserum‐treated mice). Functionally, in numerous T cell‐dependent assays bothin vivoandin vitro, including helper, suppressor and cytotoxic T cell functions as well as responses to mitogens and antigens, the F7 D 5 antibody behaved as a potent and absolute T cell‐depleting agent. This cell line and some anti‐Thy‐l.1 producing li

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830091109

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn previous studies, we described a primitive lymphoid cell found in fetal liver and in the bone marrow of older rabbits which contained cytoplasmic IgM but lacked surface IgM detectable by immunofluorescence. In heterozygous b4b5rabbits, the pre‐B cells in which we could detect these kappa chain allotypes appeared to exhibit allelic exclusion. In the present study, we investigated the effects of allotype suppression and its neutralization on the expression of the b4 and b5 allotypes by B and pre‐B cells from the spleens and bone marrow of b4b5rabbits. We found that in young allotype suppressed rabbits, pre‐B cells of the suppressed allotype persist in bone marrow when B cells of the suppressed allotype are absent or severely depleted. The persistence of pre‐B cells of the suppressed type supports the view that pre‐B cells differ in their responsiveness to external influences such as anti‐Ig compared to B lymphocytes. Injection of serum with b5 immunoglobulin into b4b5animals suppressed 14‐23 days previously for b5 was followed by the appearance of increased proportions of b 5 B cells in spleen within 24 h. Surviving pre‐B cells are a likely source of these rapidly appearing B cells as well as of the B cells bearing surface immunoglobulin of the suppressed allotype which appear during the recovery phase of allot

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830091110

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFor further characterization of the processes involved in Ir gene control, the specificity of antibodies and the cross‐reaction on the level of helper T cells was studied for a series of polypeptide antigens related to poly‐L(Tyr,Glu)‐poly‐DL‐Ala–poly‐LLys[(T,G)‐A–L] but carrying more defined side chains. Helper cell specificity was assayed in anin vitrosecondary anti‐dinitrophenyl (DNP) response by cross‐stimulation of primed T cells with the various polypeptide carriers. It was established that these polypeptides, although showing the same response pattern, were recognized as distinct entities in the immune response by B and T cells. If this common pattern is due to the effect of the same Ir gene, the latter is unlikely to code directly for the binding site on helper T cells recognizing these antigens. The core structure A–L, although weakly immunogenic itself, is recognized in the response to these antigens concomitantly with the recognition of the tyrosine‐containing peptides. Furthermore, it is shown that the antibody response to DNP‐A–L is under genetic control and that in the antigen Tyr6‐A–L, which has the highest immunogenicity within this group of antigens, the poly‐m‐alanine side chain is important for the genetic control mechanism. Therefore, it is concluded that the effects of Ir genes are related to recognition of the core structure A–L. The relevance of t

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830091111

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY