ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830111102

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe marginal zones of rat and human spleens are a broad band of cells, which surround the small lymphocyte areas of the white pulp. Staining for acid phosphatase and α‐naphthyl acetate esterase activity indicates that the majority of cells in this compartment are intermediate‐sized lymphocytes. Macrophages only form a minor component. Using quantitative histology, it is shown that the marginal zones are the largest white pulp compartment in terms of volume. They contain approximately as many lymphocytes as the small lymphocyte zones. The cells of the marginal zone are strongly C3‐ and Fc receptor‐positive. While the cells of this zone have demonstrable surface membrane Ig, it is difficult to exclude that this is not passively absorbed. Other means were therefore sought to determine the lineage of lymphocytes in this area. First, the cells in this zone do not bear appreciable quantities of the rat T cell selective antigen detected by the monoclonal antibody W313. Second, marginal zone cells are present in normal numbers in congenitally athymic “nude” rats. Finally, marginal zones do not become populated with lymphocytes in rats treated from birth with anti‐μ antibody. Further experiments showed that marginal zone lymphocytes do

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830111103

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe origin of the B cells of splenic marginal zones was studied using transfer experiments in rats depleted of marginal‐zone cells. Cyclophosphamide given as a single dose of 500 mg/m2was used to deplete the marginal zones. Approximately 90% depletion was still apparent 10 days after treatment. Fetal liver cells did not induce rapid repopulation of the marginal zone. Also bone marrow cells from rats depleted of recirculating lymphocytes were inefficient in this respect. Conversely, thoracic duct lymphocytes and bone marrow cells from normal rats were efficient at restoring marginal‐zone cell numbers in cyclophosphamide‐treated rats. Thoracic duct cells passaged through an irradiated intermediate host and collected from that host's thoracic duct were also efficient at achieving marginal‐zone cell reconstitution. In rats receiving 1000 rd whole body irradiation, which were protected with fetal liver cell transfer, marginal zones did repopulate at about 3 weeks. It is concluded that marginal‐zone B cells, after leaving primary lymphoid organs, enter the recirculating pool for a period of at least several days before settling in the marginal zone. The turnover rate of marginal‐zone cells was assessed using tritiated thymidine infusion. Most marginal‐zone cells were not labeled after 5 days continuous labeling suggesting that the marginal‐zone B cells are not r

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830111104

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCells from mouse bone marrow, thymus and spleen were exposed to125I‐labeled concanavalin A (Con A),Lens culinarislectin (LCL), soybean agglutinin (SBA),Helix pomatiaagglutinin (HPA), phytohemagglutinin‐P (PHA‐P), peanut agglutinin (PNA), or wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) in a range of concentrations and examined radioautographically. Small lymphocytes in the three organs differed in the minimal concentration of each lectin which gave detectable surface labeling, while at optimal lectin concentrations, their labeling intensity profiles differed markedly. Inhibition by sugars demonstrated the labeling specificity. Major populations of bone marrow small lymphocytes bound WGA strongly, while Con A, SBA, HPA, PHA‐P and LCL were bound only weakly, and PNA binding was lacking. Most thymus cells bound Con A, SBA, HPA, PHA‐P and PNA strongly, WGA and LCL weakly. Subsets of bone marrow and thymus small lymphocytes differed from the major populations in their lectin‐binding intensities. Spleen small lymphocytes were heterogeneous in the binding of each lectin. However, a major population bound LCL exceptionally strongly, while few cells bound PNA. Using a panel of lectins under standardized conditions, these studies show distinctive lectin‐binding patterns for small lymphocytes in the bone marrow, thymus and spleen, respectively. Major and minor cell populations are distinguishable in each organ, providing an approach to discriminating lymphocyte lineages, subtypes and different

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830111105

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBiological activities of monoclonal A/J antibodies to the T15 idiotype in BALB/c mice were compared to heterogeneous antibodies raised by conventional immunization procedures. Two monoclonal antibodies, AB1‐2 and GB4‐10, which are of the γ1,ϰ class, appeared to have identical specificities by binding criteria and reacted similarly to conventional antibodies in their abilities to induce neonatal suppression, inhibit plaque‐forming cell induction by phosphorylcholine (PC) antigens and to inhibit specifically, anti‐PC plaque‐forming cells. However, in functional analyses of anti‐PC responses in various strains of mice, discrepancies were noted in the T15 responses as defined by monoclonal antibodies and conventional antisera. This heterogeneity was also observed in adult mice suppressed with the GB4‐10 monoclonal antibody. These animals eventually produced an anti‐PC response of AB1‐2 idiotype but lacking the GB4‐10 marker.These results show that the T15 IgM anti‐PC response in BALB/c and other strains of mice is heterogeneous and probably consists of a family of clones. Particular clones can be precisely eliminated by the use of appropriate monoclonal antibodies, and the anti‐PC response that eventually recovers is still T15+but lack

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830111106

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSuppressor T cells for delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) to alloantigens are induced by injecting mice intravenously with a high dose of X‐irradiated allogeneic cells. Using the same protocol, suppression of DTH directed against H‐2 subregion products could also be induced, provided that the H‐2 incompatibility between the cells used for the induction of suppression and the recipients includes the I‐J subregion genes. Thus, the I‐J subregion difference is both necessary and sufficient for the induction of suppression of DTH to the whole or part of the H‐2 gene products. The suppression appears to be mediated by antigen‐specific suppressor T cells which recognize the allo‐I‐J molecules and are able to suppress the DTH response to other H‐2 subregion gene products in an associative recognition manner. T cells from (B10 × BALB/c)F1mice suppressively primed against B10.A(5R) cells (directed against JkEkantigens), when adoptively transferred to normal syngeneic recipients, were capable of suppressing the hosts' DTH response to B10.A(4R) cells (KkAkantigens) when the recipients were challenged with [B10.A(4R) × B10.A(5R)]F1cells (KkAk× JkEk). The recipients express normal DTH reactivity to B10.A(4R) cells when challenged with a mixture of B10.A(4R) and B10.A(5R) cells (KkAk+ JkEk). These results provide direct evidence that when functioning as alloantigens, the I‐J determinants preferentially induce suppressor T cells which specifically impair the immune response to the I‐J molecules as well as other H‐2 gene products if they are physically associated with the I‐J determinants. The role of I‐J subregions as the suppressor genes is discussed in terms of the possible application in transplantation immunity and the host's d

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830111107

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe intravenous injection of large doses of xenogeneic erythrocytes into rats completely abrogated the ability of thymocytes from such animals to provide help for antierythrocyte antibody responses in an adoptive transfer system. Thymocyte tolerance developed at a time when the thymocyte donors were producing antibody to the tolerizing antigen, and spleen helper T cells were not tolerized by the injection protocol. A minimum of two injections of 1 ml of packed erythrocytes, spaced 4–5 days apart, was required to induce loss of helper activity. Tolerance was fully developed within 16 h of the last injection of antigen. Helper activity recovered over a 24‐h period starting 5 days after this injection but could be delayed by giving further injections of antigen. These results suggest that the intrathymic pool of cells with assayable helper activity turns over in about one day and that precursors of this pool are probably also tolerizable. Suppressor cells could not be detected in tolerant thymocyte populations indicating that the loss of helper activity was either a consequence of clonal inactivation or that an antigen‐specific mechanism existed for the recruitment of helper cells from the thymus. The significance of these findings to the acquisition of self‐tolerance is di

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830111108

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSpleen cells from BALB/c mice were fused with the nonsecreting myeloma line X63.Ag8.6.5.3 seven days after immunization with NP‐CG (4‐hydroxy‐3‐nitrophenyl) acetyl‐chicken γ‐globulin. The hybrid cell lines obtained were analyzed for heavy and light chain distribution, fine specificity, and idiotype.The majority of monoclonal antibodies possessed either γ1or μ chains. The distribution of L chains among these antibodies was approximately half λ and half ϰ. Thirteen monoclonal antibodies were grown as ascites tumors in mice. Examination of their fine specificity patterns showed that all of the λ antibodies are heteroclitic and have similar fine specificity patterns. Five of the seven ϰ antibodies are also heteroclitic, but their fine specificity patterns are more heterogeneous than those of the λ antibodies.Polyspecific anti‐idiotypic sera directed against pooled primary serum antibody (R ā‐NPa) or against individual monoclonals were used for idiotypic characterization of the monoclonal antibodies. The R ā‐NPabound all of the λ antibodies but none of the ϰ antibodies suggesting that the ϰ antibodies may be much more heterogeneous and were therefor not recognized in the presence of the more homogeneous λ antibodies. Further idiotypic analysis demonstrated that the λ antibodies, although no two are identical, are a very homogeneous group of antibodies which cross‐react with one another but not with the ϰ antibodies. Some, but not all, of the ϰ antibodies cross‐react with each other although none are cross‐reactive with the λ antibodies. Because the λ‐associated idiotype is recognized by the R ā‐NPaand its characteristics are similar to that of the C57BL/6 major idiotype (NPb), it is referred to as NPa. There may be a second major idiotype as

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830111109

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA set of T cells defined by a unique profile of cell surface alloantigens (phenotype Ly‐1+2−; Qa‐1+; I‐J+) produces biologically active cell‐free material(s) (Ly‐1 TsiF) which induces another T cell set (cell surface phenotype Ly‐1,2+; I‐J+; Qa‐1+) to participate in the suppression of primary immune responses to heterologous erythrocytes. The suppression is specific for the inducing antigen, and the Ly‐1 TsiF binds antigen in a specific way. The activity of Ly‐1 TsiF can be removed by anti‐I‐J immunosorbents and will not be expressed if the functional producer and acceptor cells do not share gene products that are encoded in or are tightly linked to the VHportion of the Ig complex. There is no requirement for the Ly‐1 TsiF and its acceptor cell(s) to share major histocompatibility complex gene products.Thus, for optimal induction of antigen‐specific suppression by cell‐free materials from Ly‐1 T cells, three necessary conditions must be met: (a) antigen recognition by Ly‐1 TsiF; (b) the expression of I‐J gene products and (c) identity of VH‐linked Ig locus gene products (or other products influenced by those genes) on both the inducer molecule and its acceptor cell. The role of the Ig‐linked restriction is particularly intriguing, and its

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830111110

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractImmune Ly‐1−,2+splenic T cells release material(s) (Ly‐2 TsF) into culture supernatants which (a) are antigen‐specific and (b) do not contain gene products of the I‐region of the MHC (major histocompatibility complex) (within the limits of our detection system) and which can lead to antigen‐specific suppression of spleen cell cultures depleted of all Ly‐2+(Ly‐2 and Ly‐1,2) cells. The cells which make Ly‐2 TsF possess no detectable I region‐ or Qa‐1‐encoded determinants. Nonetheless, the ability of the material(s) to suppress target cells is restricted by genes closely linked to the MHC. No demonstrable evidence for a role of the polymorphic portion of genes linked to the Ig locus for this suppressive interaction to occur could be found. It is suggested that this material(s) may be the final effector moiety of the suppressor circuit because (a) it does not require the presence of any Ly‐2+cells to work, and (b) in contrast to material(s) which induce suppression, there is no latent period;i.e.the Ly‐2 TsF suppresses both the early and late phases of the immune response in primary Mishell‐Dutton cultures. The MHC restriction that is imparted to the biologically active material is likely to be due to its “anti‐MHC” activity.Since this is the first report in which the presence of I‐J‐controlled gene products was investigated on an antigen‐specific, Ly‐2 cell‐produced suppressor factor that worked in the absence of Ly‐2+cells in the assay culture, the possibility that many, if not all, antigen‐specific suppressor effecto

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830111111

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY