摘要:

AbstractAn antiserum was raised against purified J‐chain from S‐sulfonated human secretory IgA and was tested for its reactivity with secretory IgA, polymeric myeloma proteins of IgA1and IgA2subclasses and a Waldenström IgM macroglobulin. The antiserum, which was absorbed with normal human IgG and L‐chains, developed a single precipitin line with the following S‐sulfonated proteins: purified J‐chain, secretory IgA, polymeric IgA1, and IgA2, and IgM. The antiserum also reacted with the same proteins after complete reduction and alkylation. The antiserum did not precipitate the same polymeric immunoglobulins in their native states. At high concentrations, however, native polymeric serum IgA and IgM inhibited the precipitin reaction between the purified J‐chain and its antibodies. In contrast, native secretory IgA displayed no inhibition in this system. After treatment of these immunoglobulins with 8Murea, 5Mguanidine, or 1Mpropionic acid, the J‐chain determinants became accessible and were precipitated with the anti‐J‐chain antiserum, with the exception of IgM which displayed very weak reactivity only after exposure to 5Mguanidine. In conclusion, J‐chain determinants are accessible only to a very limited extent in native serum polymeric IgA and IgM, and none are detectable in the native secretory IgA. Most of the determinants become easily available by mere denaturation of these immunoglobulins with exposure to several kinds of

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830030402

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPriming rats with the carrier protein 7 – 43 days before injecting them with a conjugate of hapten NIP [(4‐hydroxy‐5‐iodo‐3‐nitrophenyl)acetyl] and the protein accelerated theanti‐haptenresponse: peak titers were reached sooner, the replacement of IgM by IgG antibody happened earlier and the affinity of anti‐NIP was higher in carrier‐primed than in non‐carrier‐primed rats. The acceleration effect on peak titers was short‐lasting. By day 9 the anti‐hapten titers in non‐carrier‐primed animals had reached those of the carrier‐primed animals. The difference in affinities gradually decreased, but was still demonstrable 28 days after

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830030403

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSeveral poly‐L‐proline batches, as well as their dinitrophenyl derivatives, were synthesized and characterized. Their immunogenicity in rabbits, guinea pigs and mice was investigated, and the specificity of the antibodies formed was determined. For sensitive detection of anti‐polyprolyl antibodies, polyprolyl bacteriophage T4 was prepared. Polyproline was in this case attached to the bacteriophage via 1,3‐difluoro‐4,6‐dinitrobenzene.Dinitrophenyl poly‐L‐proline is immunogenic in rabbit and guinea pig, but essentially nonimmunogenic in the mouse. No genetic differences in the antibody response were found either in strains 2 and 13 of guinea pigs, where both strains were good antibody producers, or in several strains of mice, all of which were essentially unresponsive. Poly‐L‐proline, considered nonimmunogenic in rabbits by previous criteria, led to a low but significant antibody response, when tested with polyp

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830030404

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization are described of a hapten‐protein conjugate in which carrier [BSA or the synthetic multichain polymer, poly‐L‐(Tyr, Glu)‐poly‐DL‐Ala–poly‐LLys, (T,G)‐A–L] and hapten 2,4‐dinitrophenyl (DNP) are separated by the rigid peptide chain of anL‐proline oligomer. This compound has been used to study the carrier effect in an attempt to distinguish between the cooperation and local environment theories which have been put forward to explain it.Rabbits were given a primary injection of the antigen DNP‐poly‐Lprolyl‐BSA (bovine serum albumin). The secondary response was followedin vitroafter stimulation with antigens composed of hapten coupled to carriers in the presence or absence of a polyproline spacer, and compared to secondary stimulation with the homologous antigen. Antibody production was monitored by thymidine incorporation, by inactivation of modified bacteriophage and by hemolytic plaque formation. Experiments in delayed hypersensitivity were also carried out using the same antigens. In both systems it was found that the insertion of the inflexible spacer molecule between hapten and carrier did not abolish the carrier effect. These results lend support to the cooperation hypothesis as expl

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830030405

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMonoclonal cold agglutinins have usually been found to be IgM(k) and to be directed against the I/i antigens.Three IgA(k) cold agglutinins were tested for antibody specificity. Based on the following criteria, they were shown to be directed against the Pr1antigen of the Pr1/Pr2/Praantigen system. The antigens reacting with the IgA(k) cold agglutinins were inactivated by protease and treatment of human red cells with neuraminidase and were demonstrable on human erythrocyte glycoproteins. The terminal sugar of the determinant group of these antigens is N‐acetylneuraminic acid (NANA), which is not involved in I/i, but also in Pr2antigenicity. The antigen activity of these antigens and the Pr2and I antigen activities were distributed to different glycopeptide fractions obtained from red cell glycoproteins by ficin cleavage and Sephadex G‐50 separation. Periodate oxidation of red cell glycoproteins, which causes a shortening of the polyhydroxy side chain at C‐6 of C‐9 NANA to a C‐7 and/or C‐8 NANA derivative, resulted in inactivation of these antigens, while the I antigen remained unchanged and the Pr2antigen was increased 16–64‐fold. Dog red cells gave no or diminished reactions with the three IgA(k) cold agglutinins, in contrast to increased reaction with anti‐Pr2. Based on the different reactions of the IgA(k) cold agglutinins with dog red cells, a Pr1heterogeneity Pr1h/Pr1dwas demonstrated.In spite of the determination of the Pr1h/Pr1d/Pr2and the MN antigens by NANA, both antigen systems were shown to be unrelated. Blocking of free ε‐lysine amino groups by acetylation or blocking of the NANA carboxyl groups by amidation of red cell glycoproteins resulted in MN inactivation, while the antigens reacting with the IgA(k) cold agglutinins (like Pr2) remained unaffected.The anti‐Pr1specificity of IgA cold agglutinins and the predominance of anti‐I/‐i specificity of IgM cold agglutinins was discussed with respect to inter‐relations between immunoglobulin classes and antibody speci

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830030406

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAntigen‐binding cells to sheep erythrocytes from non‐injected rabbits and from rabbits after a single injection of sheep red blood cells (SRBC) have been detected by the immunocyto‐adherence technique (rosette formation). The expression of immunoglobulin allotypic determinants on these antigen‐binding cells has been investigated by inhibition of rosette formation with anti‐allotype antisera.The results indicate thataandblocus allotypes are expressed by the great majority of rosette‐forming cells (RFC) in the lymph nodes of injected and non‐injected rabbits. Ms3 allotype is expressed by practically all RFC from non‐injected rabbits, while, after injection of SRBC, a population of RFC appears, which does not express this allotype. An antiserum to d 11 consistently failed to inhibit RFC.Pretreatment of lymphocytes from rabbits heterozygous at theblocus with antiserum to only one allelic product produced an inhibition of rosette formation which was approximately half that obtained when antiglobulin reagents to both allelic products were added. The results suggest that in heterozygous animals, the two allelic markers are expressed on two different populations of antigen‐binding cells.Electron microscopy studies on the morphology of RFC showed that the majority of the RFC were formed around

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830030407

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSpleen cells, thoracic duct lymphocytes and adherent peritoneal exudate cells from mice immunized to syngeneic plasma cell tumors were capable of transferring specific protective immunity to these tumors. Pre‐treatment of these cells with anti‐Θ serum or anti‐lymphocyte serum, but not with anti‐ΘK serum, effectively abolished the ability of lymphoid cells to transfer this immune response. These studies demonstrate that T cells are essential in the adoptive transfer of immunity. Furthermore, immunization of athymic (nude) mice to plasma cell tumors was not achieved. Attempts to activate normal macrophagesin vitrowith sensitized lymphoid cells were unsuccessful. Admixture of immune lymphoid cells and target tumor cells to unrelated tumor cells did not inhibit the growth of the unrelated tumor cells. It is proposed that the immune response to syngeneic tumor associated antigens of plasma cell tumors not only involves essential sensitization of T lymphocytes, but that activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes are directly responsible for inhibiting target tum

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830030408

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe grafting of a single spleen colony obtained from irradiated mice protected with 12‐day fetal liver will reconstitute the lymphopoietic and erythropoietic system of irradiation‐deprived syngeneic recipients. Using this experimental model, the early events during the ontogenic development of the immune system were studied in CBA mice. Cells capable of binding radio‐iodine labeledS. adelaidepolymerized flagellin were first detectable after 18 to 20 days of lymphopoiesis starting from presumably a single stem cell. However, antibody‐forming cell production after immunization against the same antigen was not demonstrable until days 19 to 26. The same sequential development of antigen recognition (by rosette formation) followed by immune reactivity was observed for sheep red cell antigens, both events occurring later than those for POL. Our observed requirement for the ontogeny of an antigen‐recognition spectrum is compatible with Jerne's theory on the generation of antibody

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830030409

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe have studied the biosynthesis of IgM and its subunits, and the role played by the thiol groups of these subunits in the assembly of the IgM molecule using mouse plasma cell tumor MOPC 104E. In addition to 19 S IgM and light chain, the tumor secretes a small amount of 7 S IgM (IgMs), whereas the cells contain light chain, an HL subunit, IgMs and only a small amount of 19 S IgM. Although the light chain monomers excreted in the urine have blocked thiol groups, the light chain monomers inside the cell and freshly secreted from it have one free thiol group per polypeptide chain. Both the intracellular IgMs and HL subunits also carry free thiol groups, the evidence indicating that there are four per intracellular IgMs subunit. Since there is some evidence that the cysteine residues involved in the formation of the intersubunit bridges may not be free, the polymerization of IgMs to 19 S IgM may be initiated by a rearrangement of thiol groups.

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830030410

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOriginal antigenic sin has been studied at the cell level with mice given a primary injection of meta‐aminobenzoic acid (mB) (coupled to human IgG) and a secondary injection of meta‐sulfanilic acid (mS) (coupled to human IgG), or the reverse. Spleen cell activity against red cells coupled to these haptens was measured by the local hemolysis technique. In order to distinguish between mB specific cells, mS specific cells and cells forming antibodies to both, two procedures were developed:1mB was added in the test medium in order to compete with anti‐mB antibodies and inhibit mB plaques.1Two different types of red cells, pigeon and sheep red blood cells, were coated either with mB or with mS, providing a means of distinguishing three types of plaques: anti‐mS only, anti‐mB only and anti‐mS‐anti‐mB. Both procedures showed that cells specific for the primary hapten only are stimulated by the heterologous booster in the two reciprocal situations. These results are discussed in relation to the specificity of receptors and antibodies and to their affinities

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830030411

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY