摘要:

Cyprids of the barnacleChthamalus montaguiSouthward were reared in the laboratory. Their preference for settlement on panels treated with con‐ or allospecific water soluble protein extracts was measured. Proteins derived fromC. montaguiadults promoted twice as much settlement as those from eitherB. balanoidesorE. modeslusadults. Settlement on control panels treated with phosphate buffer was very poor in comparison to any protein treatment. The behaviour of chthamalid larvae at settlement parallels that shown by balanid larvae.

ISSN:0892-7014    

DOI:10.1080/08927019009378135

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Studies were carried out on the effect of mild steel on fermentation by sulphate‐reducing bacteria (SRB) and on the effect of sulphate and ferric ions on metal corrosion. Laboratory scale fermenters of 1–21 capacity containing American Petroleum Institute (API) medium were inoculated with enriched SRB cultures from crude oil‐seawater admixtures obtained from Trengganu Offshore Oil Fields, Malaysia. Fermentations were maintained at a 10 day hydraulic retention time (HRT) at 28°C, and mixed twice daily. The parameters analysed were percentage corrosion, pH, total alkalinity and sulphate concentration. The presence of metal pieces accelerated SRB fermentation, as indicated by a rapid uptake of sulphate and a more alkaline system compared with SRB fermentation in the absence of metal pieces. Sulphate and ferric ions generally increase the rate of metal corrosion. It is believed that SRB play a dominant role in microbial corrosion in the presence of sulphate. However, in the presence of ferric ions other mechanisms of metal corrosion could be more important in SRB fermentation.

ISSN:0892-7014    

DOI:10.1080/08927019009378136

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Pseudomonads were adapted to grow in phosphate‐buffered water and on stainless steel surfaces to study the iodine sensitivity of attached and planktonic cells. Cultures adapted to low nutrient growth were incubated at room temperature in a circulating reactor system with stainless steel coupons to allow biofilm formation on the metal surfaces. In some experiments, the reactor was partially emptied and refilled with buffer at each sampling time to simulate a “fill‐and‐draw”; water system. Biofilms of attached bacteria, resuspended bionlm bacteria, and reactor suspension, were exposed to 1 mg·l−1iodine for 2 min. Attached bacterial populations which established on coupons within 3 to 5 days displayed a significant increase in resistance to iodine. Increased resistance was also observed for resuspended cells from the biofilm and planktonic bacteria in the system suspension. Generally, intact biofilms and resuspended biofilm cells were most resistant, followed by planktonic bacteria and phosphate buffer cultures. Thus, biofilm formation on stainless steel surfaces within water systems can result in significantly increased disinfection resistance of commonly‐occurring water‐borne bacteria that may enhance their ability to colonise water treatment and distribution systems.

ISSN:0892-7014    

DOI:10.1080/08927019009378137

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In a flow cell model, substrata of low‐and medium‐surface energies with known multiple attenuated internal reflectance infrared (MAIR‐IR) spectra and contact angles were monitored for stationary‐phaseEscherchia coliretention. Exponential‐phase cell retention was also explored. Quantitative numerical counts of retained cells supported qualitative observations with phase contrast microscopy.

ISSN:0892-7014    

DOI:10.1080/08927019009378138

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Field experiments using stems ofSpartina allernifoliaas substrata indicate thatChthamalus fragilis, one of the few chthamalids to be so tested, shares with all the balanids so far examined, the advantage of settling more readily among conspecifics than on bare substrata. Despite a general preference for concavities, C.fragiliscyprids settle on the convex stems ofSpartina, particularly if they already bear settled individuals. Initial settlement usually occurs in the axillary region, the prime location, which is shaded by the blade. Later colonisers tend to settle further up the stem as space in the axillary area becomes filled up. As in other barnacles, all individuals appear to settle so that the carina points upwards and the adult eyes point to the shaded side.

ISSN:0892-7014    

DOI:10.1080/08927019009378139

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The macrofouling community in Hamana Bay, which has semi‐enclosed conditions, revealed that recruitment is most active between May and October. During the winter and spring months the community undergoes a dormant phase. During the active recruitment period, the inlet in which the observations were carried out could be demarcated into outer and inner zones based on the composition of the macrofouling community. Such a zonation seemed to be less significant during the dormant period. Clustering of the communities was observed on the 3 and 6 month exposures during the May to October period, revealing that the initial colonisers play an influential role in the development of the 6 month community.Megabalanus rosa, Baianus albicostatus, Balanus trigonus, Balanus eburneusandBalanus amphitritewere the 5 cirripede species present in the macrofouling assemblage. The first 3 were restricted to the outer zone, influenced by marine environmental conditions. The last 2 were dominant in the inner zone, influenced by brackish conditions. The inner zone is often influenced by a red tide between May and October, thus during this period the primary production level is comparatively higher than in the outer zone. Barnacles in the inner zone could grow faster, possibly influenced by the higher primary production. Even though the barnacle settlement period was restricted to the period May to October, their nauplii continued to be present in the inlet well beyond October.

ISSN:0892-7014    

DOI:10.1080/08927019009378140

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Test panels of aluminium and stainless steel were deployed in the surface waters of Dona Paula Bay, the Arabian Sea and aluminium panels at 10, 30 and 50 m depths at a shelf station in the Bay of Bengal. Microfouling material which developed n these test substrata was analysed for microfouling biomass (as dry weight and/or adenosine triphosphate), carbohydrate content and composition. Neutral carbohydrates were determined as altitol acetates in hydrolysates of the microfouling samples. With increase in the immersion period and the depth of deployment, microfouling biomass and carbohydrate content generally decreased. Eight individual sugars viz. arabinose, fucose, galactose, glucose, mannose, rhamnose, ribose and xylose were identified in the microfouling material by capillary gas chromatography. The relative content of individual sugars varied with the period and depth of immersion. Carbohydrate composition data when interpreted using source parameters, indicated the presence of marine and terrestrial organic matter in the microfouling material obtained from these substrata. The mannose/xylose ratios (<5%), the glucose free weight combined percentage distribution of ribose and fucose (> 12%) as well as arabinose and galactose (>28%) suggest that plankton, non‐woody vascular plant material and grasses appear to be the major sources contributing to the carbohydrates of the microfouling material.

ISSN:0892-7014    

DOI:10.1080/08927019009378141

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A micro‐annular reactor (MAR) was developed for studying biofilm processes. It is simple to operate under pure culture conditions and allows easy, non‐invasive monitoring of biofilm accumulation.

ISSN:0892-7014    

DOI:10.1080/08927019009378142

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0892-7014    

DOI:10.1080/08927019009378134

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor