摘要:

Long‐term biofouling communities on stationary man‐made substrata in the shallow waters of northern seas as a rule are composed of mussels. Prolonged investigation of the structure and dynamics of epibenthic communities in the White Sea and the Shallow waters off East Kamchatka (1976–1990) showed that the mussel community is not completely stable. Succession of this community is cyclical in character when the habitat is unstable. Such unstable habitats are most common in estuarine zones where large hydrotechnical structures are usually concentrated. Many of these structures have steel surfaces which constantly suffer the corrosive effects of the marine environment. In stable habitats with inert substrata and insignificant salinity gradients, a mussel community is not a terminal stage of succession. Duration of the mussel successional stage is about 10–20 years, and this is followed by the climax communities which are typical of a given climatic zone. Thus, it can be concluded that the mussel community is not a climax community but a relatively stable point in a prolonged multi‐staged succession.

ISSN:0892-7014    

DOI:10.1080/08927019209386205

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

An unusually severe localised corrosion attack on type 304 stainless steel panels exposed to the harbour waters of Bombay was observed. The present paper incorporates work carried out to understand the possible role of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in promoting this localised corrosion. Aerobic (Comamonas testosteronii) and anaerobic (Desulphovibrio vulgaris) bacteria were isolated from corrosion pits underneath barnacles settled on 304 stainless steel coupons. Experiments were carried out using steady state potential behaviour, potentiodynamic anodic polarisation, AC impedance and multiple crevice corrosion techniques to ascertain the influence of the two bacterial species individually and in combination. The aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in combination were more aggressive than the individual species.

ISSN:0892-7014    

DOI:10.1080/08927019209386206

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A link between cypris temporary adhesion and settlement has often been alluded to, but never tested. Data are presented here which confirm earlier assumptions of a correlation between increased levels of settlement and greater forces of temporary adhesion of the cypris larvaeof Balanus balanoides(L.).

ISSN:0892-7014    

DOI:10.1080/08927019209386207

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The ability to reproducibly colonize substrata with concomitant monitoring of biofilm development is essential to laboratory studies of microbial activities at surfaces. A test system was developed whereby on‐line, non‐destructive measurements (open circuit potential [OCP], direct cell counts, bioluminescence, oxygen) of bacterial colonization and metabolic activity could be obtained from a series of laminar‐flow adhesion cells. The cells consisted of two high‐density polyethylene blocks 32 mm H × 65 mm W × 178 mm L, with a 1 mm deep flow channel milled in the top block. A glass viewing window enabled direct observation of a removable, flush‐mounted 25 x 50 mm coupon, which was recessed into the bottom block. Laminar‐flow conditions were validated at linear flow rates up to 1.3 cm s−1(20 ml min−1). Reproducible colonization ofPseudomonas fluorescensmonocultures was obtained, with 72 h direct‐counts and viable counts ranging from between 5.1 to 10.4 × 107and 1.4 to 2.2 × 107cells cm−2, respectively, for replicated flow cells (n=20). In situpulse‐labeling of intact biofilms with14C‐acetate resulted in reproducible incorporation of the radiolabel into cell membrane lipids, with 60 min uptake values ranging from 1.0 to 1.8 × 10−5DPM cell−1. On‐line OCP measurements remained stable in sterile test systems, varying by less than 12 mV, for over 80 h. The flow cells provided a means for reproducibly colonizing various substrata underin situenvironmental conditions without perturbing the developing biofilms.

ISSN:0892-7014    

DOI:10.1080/08927019209386208

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The potential tocontrol biological activity in reservoirs through removal of sulphate from the injection water is evaluated theoretically and experimentally in this study. A sandstone core and a transparent glass cell with an etched pore pattern (2‐D cell) were used as porous media, and these were continuously flooded with lactate‐containing sea water.

ISSN:0892-7014    

DOI:10.1080/08927019209386209

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The antifouling factor against the blue musselMytilus edulisfound in the organic extract of the marine spongePhyllospongia papyraceacollected in Kagoshima was purified by solvent partition, silica gel column chromatography and HPLC on Toyopearl HW‐40 and on ODS. The active substance was analyzed by gas chromatography after methylesterification and identified as a mixture of several free fatty acids containing C16: 0 (59.9%), C16: l (11.8%) and C18: l (13.8%) as the major components.

ISSN:0892-7014    

DOI:10.1080/08927019209386210

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Results of a study on mortality response ofMegabalanus tintinnabulumwhen exposed to chlorine and different temperatures are presented. At 1.5 ppm chlorine residuals, 5 mm barnacles showed 100% mortality in 101 h and 30 mm barnacles in 156 h. At relatively high levels of chlorine residuals (15 ppm), all the size groups showed 50% and 100% mortality at identical exposure times. Exposure to a temperature of 35°C showed 100% mortality of the 5 mm size group in 9.9 h and 50% mortality in 3.98 h. All the size groups showed 100% mortality at identical exposure times above 40°C. While chlorination appears to be the method of choice in operating power plants, heat treatment can be considered for use in new plants. The heat treatment method that is reportedly successful in California can be more economical if practised in India. This paper emphasises application of the two methods in power plants and the need for more biological information to control power plant biofouling in Indian waters.

ISSN:0892-7014    

DOI:10.1080/08927019209386211

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Deposition rates ofPseudomonas putidaandHyphomicrobiumZV620 onto glass and biofilm surfaces were quantified. Both species deposited to glass at a much slower rate than to biofilm. A definite bias by depositing cells for biofilms of their own species was evident in the highest attachment rates observed in this study.

ISSN:0892-7014    

DOI:10.1080/08927019209386212

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0892-7014    

DOI:10.1080/08927019209386204

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor