ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1971.34

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryBalb/c mice bearing different‐sized skin isografts or allografts from C57 Black or CBA donors were studied for changes in phagocytic activity of their reticuloendothelial organs. The rate of blood clearance of opsonized, P32‐labelIedSalmonella typhimuriumC5 was significantly increased in mice wilh 4 cm2and 8 cm2isografts and allografts. When colloidal carbon was used to measure phagocytosis, significant phagocytic stimulation was found in mice bearing 1 cm2‐ grafts, but not in mice with 4 cm2and 8 cm2grafts. It is likely that the surgical trauma involved in transplanting large grafts indirectly limits carbon clearance, possibly by bringing about a depletion of serum opsonins.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1971.25

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryBalb/c mice bearing small, medium and massive skin allografts developed hepatosplenomegaly. The increased liver mass, found also in mice with massive isografts, was due to hypertrophied hepatocytes. These enlarged cells were seen in electron micrographs to contain increased amounts of rough‐ surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, and biochemical estimations revealed increased concentrations of ribonucleic acid. It is likely that the increase in liver mass and ribonucleic acid formation represents a hypertrophic response which provides increased amounts of (a) purines, and thereby sustains the intense cellular proliferation in lymphoid tissues, and (b) plasma proteins, notably α‐ and β‐globulins and fibrinogen which are known to be elevated following surgery or trauma.Mice bearing 4 cm2and8cm2isografts and allografts showed splenomegaly which reached a maximum between 8 and 12 days after transplantation; in the case of 4 cm2allografts. a second peak of splenic enlargement occurred at 22 days. The spleens of isografted mice showed increased erythropoiesis but little change in the lymphatic nodules. Allografted mice showed intense granulo‐ poiesis as well as increased erythropoiesis during the first peak of splenomegaly; the second peak was characterized by normal haematopoietic activity and a marked enlargement of lymphatic nodules with prominent germinal centre development. Mice with massive allografts showed some evidence of germinal centre formation in their spleens at about the time of allograft rejection, but did not exhibit a second peak of splenomegaly nor a cellular response indicative of intense antibody formation such as that seen in mice with 4 cm2allografts. If the prolonged survival of massive allografts is due to a depression of immuno‐ logical capacity resulting from the sequelae of severe surgical trauma, as previously suggested, then the inability of mice with massive allografts to monnt a total humoral antibody response may reflect another aspect of their immuno‐ logical impairment.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1971.26

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryImmunisation of mice with liveSalmonella enteritidis11RX produces increased resistance to challenge with Ehrlich ascites tumour cells from 4 to at least 60 days after immunisation. The increase in resistance persists after reticulo‐endothelial system activity, as measured by carbon clearance, has returned to normal.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1971.27

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe effects of various proteolytic enzymes, glycosidases and phos‐ pholipases on the bone marrow colony stimulating factor from human urine have been investigated. Colony stimulating factor Was found to be comparatively resistant to inactivation by all of the enzymes tested with the exception of α‐chymotrypsin (at low concentrations), subtilisin and ficin. When biological activity remained following enzyme treatment, no change could be detected in the behaviour of colony stimulating factor on polyacrylmide disc electro‐ phoresis, under conditions in which a sieving effect on colony stimulating factor migration was observed. The studies have indicated the existence of a peptide component of colony stimulating factor, its relative resistance to enzymatic proteolysis and its presence as a minor fraction of the total protein in the urine of normal humans.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1971.28

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAn interaction between dietary cobalt and selenium was revealed when groups of female weanling rats were fed standard rations, containing different concentrations and ratios of the two trace elements, continuously over a 15 week period. It was found that the levels of selenium in the heart and skeletal muscle were positively related to dietary selenium and negatively related to dietary cobalt, and that the levels of selenium in liver and kidney were positively related to dietary selenium and negatively related to an interaction between dietary selenium and cobalt. Dietary selenium did not influence the cobalt level of heart muscle. Bodyweight gains and histological appearance of the major tissues of rats fed either or both of the trace elements in concentrations as high as 8·6 p.p.m. in the ration were not affected except for some minor liver changes in those on the ration containing 8·6 p.p.m. cobalt and low levels of selenium. It was suggested that cobalt/selenium interactions probably occurred in the gut with effects on absorption rather than in the tissues studied.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1971.29

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIsolated auricles ofTiliqua rugosawith vagus and sympathetic nerves attached have been studied to determine the origin of cardiac sympathetic fibres. Stimulation of the cervical vagus had a depressor effect on the heart. After treatment with hyoscine (2 × 10—7g/ml) the vagal response was abolished but was only reversed to an augmentor response when the nerve was stimulated at high voltages close to the heart. Stimulation of the upper cervical sympathetic chain, either rostrally or caudally, did not elicit any response in the heart. However, stimulation of fibres leaving the stellate ganglion complex caused an augmentor effect on the auricles which was blocked liy bretylium (2 × 10—6g/ml). It is concluded that the entire cardiac sympathetic supply leaves the stellate complex and the bulk of the fibres reach the heart independently of the vagus.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1971.30

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryOuabain in concentrations of 10—3M to 10—7M exerted a toxic effect on intact embryonic chick lenses grown in culture, indicated by inhibition of uptake of rubidium86, inhibition of acid production and distinct histopathological changes. While inhibition of rubidium86uptake is explicable in terms of inhibition of Na+‐K+‐ATPase activity, and decreased acid production in terms of direct inhibition of glycolysis, liquefactive changes in lens fibres provided clear evidence of irreversible toxicity of the higher concentrations of ouabain. It is suggested that further attention should be paid to the possibility that cardiac glycosides may favour cataractogenesisin vivo, particularly during developmental life.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1971.31

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA survey of serum albumin and caeruloplasmin variants in populations of Australian Aborigines, Australian Caucasian, South African Bantu, Indians and New Cuinea indigenes has been carried out.One serum albumin variant in 595 samples from New Cuinea was detected. The variant phenotype contained a band migrating more rapidly than normal phenotype but more slowly than the Albumin Naskapi. It is provisionally identified as Albumin New Cuinea in accordance with the usage of Weitkamp, Shreffler and Saave (1969). No serum albumin variants were found in the other populations sampled.Caeruloplasmin variation was common amongst Bantu, rare amongst Aborigines and absent in Indians, Caucasians and New Guinea indigenes. The frequency of the CpA gene was 0·035 in Bantu and 0·002 in Aborigines.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1971.32

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

CHEMICAL CONTROL OF FIBRINOLYSIS‐THROMBOLYSIS — THEORY AND CLINICAL APPLICATIONS.Edited by J. M. Schor.THE BIOLOGY OF LARGE RNA VIRUSES.Edited by R. D. Barry and B. W. J. Mahy.ATLAS OF EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY.By Byron H. Waksman.MOLECULAR BASIS OF COMPLEMENT ACTION.By H. J. Rapp and T. Borsos.HUMAN BIOLOGY IN OCEANIA, Vol. I, No. 1.Edited by R. J. Walsh.BIOCHEMISTRY: A FUNCTIONAL APPROACH.By R. W. McGilvery.SEAWEEDS AND THEIR USES.By V. J. Chapman.EFFECTS OF METALS ON CELLS, SUBCELLULAR ELEMENTS, AND MACRO‐MOLECULES.By J. Maniloff, J. R. Coleman and M. W. Miller (editors).HISTOCOMPATIBILITY TESTING 1970.Edited by Paul I. Terasaki.ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY.Edited by H. Eyring.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1971.33

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY