摘要:

SummaryThe effects of whole body X‐irradiation before or after the injection of125I‐labelledSalmonellaflagellar antigens on (a) antibody production and (b) antigen distribytion through the lymphoid system were investigated.Whole body X‐irradiation (450 R) caused marked depression of both γM and γG responses if given one day before antigen. With a high dose of the strongest antigen, but not with a low dose or with the weaker antigen, two further observations were made: (a) colchicine could restore antibody‐forming capacity, and (b) X‐ray given after antigen actually caused an enhanced immune response.X‐irradiation caused subtle but important changes in antigen localization. The anatomical structure, presumably cytoplasmic fibrils, in the lymphoid follicles responsible for antigen trapping was remarkably radioresistant. Little damage could be observed with doses less than 1250 R, and it took 8000 R to destroy the structure completely. However, the follicular mechanism was not functionally intact. Spleen antoradiographs and whole organ counts showed a lowered capacity of the web to retain antigen. Lymph node autoradiographs showed abnormal persistence of labelling in a subsinus rim of cortical phagocytes. This was interpreted to indicate an X‐ray induced Interference with antigen migration.X‐irradiation had no observable effect on the sinus macrophages of the lymph node medulla. This once again suggests that their function is less specialized than that of the follicular antigen‐retaining cells.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1966.60

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA technique was developed which provided large numbers of viable pulmonary alveolar macrophages from the mouse.These cells were labelledin vitrowith198Au and their distribution following intravenous injection in isologous strain mice was determined and compared with that of peritoneal macrophages in the same experimental system.Those transfused cells which localised in the liver were found to be indistinguishable both morphologically and functionally from indigenous Kupffer cells.In general, pulmonary alveolar and peritoneal macrophages were distributed in a very similar manner, although alveolar macrophages did not accumulate in the spleen in as high a concentration as did peritoneal macrophages.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1966.61

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA double isotope dilution derivative method for determination of aldosterone, cortisol and corticosterone in adrenal vein blood of sheep is described.14C‐labelled steroids are used as the indicator and3H‐acetic‐ anhydride as the reagent for the formation of the labelled derivative.Experimental data accumulated from six years' use of the method are discussed with special emphasis on specificity, sensitivity, accuracy and precision.Mean secretion rates of aldosterone, cortisol and corticosterone from sodium replete and sodium deficient sheep with autotransplanted adrenals are presented.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1966.62

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryEvidence of toxoplasma infection was found in 32 Rottnest Island quokkas. Pseudocysts containing the organisms were demonstrated histologically in skeletal muscle, heart, brain or kidney in 25 animals and serologic evidence of infection was present in 13. The organisms were cultured from 2 animals. Quokkas from all topographic areas of Rottnest were tested, but evidence of infection was found only in those animals captured near the island settlement. The existence of toxoplasmosis in the wild quokka population is another factor to be considered in the ecology of the species.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1966.63

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe reversal of the nutritional myopathy of the captive Rottnest quokka (Setonix brachyurus) with vitamin E provided a model for the study of regenerative processes in skeletal muscle. Seventeen quokkas recovering from myopathy following treatment with α‐to opherol were studied by means of 2 to 7 serial biopsies from each animal. As the debris within necrotic muscle fibres was removed by macrophages, proliferation of sarcolemmal nuclei occurred. Cells with basophilic cytoplasm, due to a high content of ribonucleic acid (RNA), appeared and showed mitotic activity. Myofibrillar markings identified these cells as myoblasts. Later in the sequence multi‐nucleated masses and young muscle fibres developed, probably by fusion of myoblasts. Cross striations became obvious and the sarcoplasm eosinophilic, due to increased content of protein. Lastly, sarcolemmal nuclei centrally or randomly distributed underwent marginal migration and the muscle fibre became fully reconstituted. With acrolein‐Schiff staining necrotic fibres were rarefied, due to loss of protein, but during maturation staining became deeper as the protein content increased. The early phases occupied several days, while complete restoration required 5 to 8 weeks. There were many features of similarity between the morphology of regenerationin vivoand the growth and differentiation of skeletal musclein vitro. Regenerative activity is prominent in the histopathological lesion of human polymyositis, and increased attention has been recently given to regenerative phenomena in case of human progressive muscular dystrophy, so that clarification of this property of muscle may improve understanding of these diseases.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1966.64

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe effect of sodium pentobarbitone anaesthesia on increased vascular permeability was investigated in guinea‐pigs. Increased permeability was indicated by the local exudation of circulating Evans blue dye and131I‐albumin in skin sites injected with histamine. Paired comparison tests and a factorial split‐plot design were used. Responses 10 minutes after histamine injections were measured as the amount of131I‐albumin per gram of skin per millilitre of blood. Anaesthetised animals were maintained in the first plane of surgical anaesthesia and warmed to maintain a constant body temperature.In unwarmed conscious animals the response was significantly less than that of the experimental (anaesthetised) group. The responses for the two groups were not significantly different when both anaesthetised and conscious animals were warmed. In a factorial experiment there was no significant interaction between the main effect of anaesthesia and the responses to three concentrations of histamine.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1966.65

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe density (number/sq. mm.) of plasma cells in the human thymus was determined in three groups of cases: infections, autoimmune diseases and “chronic diseases of unknown cause”, and controls. The density of plasma cells in the thymus was increased, as compared with controls, in septicaemia and in the autoimmune diseases systemic lupus erythematosus and myasthenia gravis. The increased density in septicaemia may be due to penetration of bacterial antigens and an immune reaction in the thymus; the increased density in systemic lupus erythematosus and myasthenia gravis may be due to an autoimmune reaction within the thymus.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1966.66

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryReovirus haemagglutination of human erythrocytes was studied by means of electron microscopic techniques. Both complete and coreless virus particles were attached to the mucoid coat of erythrocytes and were concentrated at the site of apposition. The lattice of cells thus formed results in haemagglutination. These findings add support to the theory of involvement of glycoprotein surface reactants in reovirus haemagglutination. Precipitates of erythrocytes from suspensions of polystyrene Latex particle showed neither cell adhesion nor particle attachment.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1966.67

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1966.68

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1966.69

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY