摘要:

SummaryUsing monoclonal antibody (MoAb) against the p70(β)chain of the interleukin‐2 receptor (IL‐2R) and a high‐sensitivity immunofluorescence procedure, p70 can be demonstrated on the majority of lymphocytes from normal blood samples, withoutin vitrostimulation. A subpopulation of cells bears a high concentration of receptor, and these cells have the physical properties of large granular leucocytes (LGL). The smaller lymphocytes, although weaker, are quite clearly positive T8 cells stain relatively strongly, while T4 cells and B cells slain relatively weakly. Leukaemic cells showed a variety of phenotypes when examined for expression of the p55 and p70 chains of the IL‐2R. The demonstration of IL‐2R chains directly by immunofluorescence on unstimulated lymphocytes has potential clinical applications, since this technique can be used in a diagnostic setting.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1990.30

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2017

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe effects of Piroxicam on the production and activity of lymphoproliferative cytokines (LC) produced by mononuclear phagocytes (MNP) were examined.In vitro, Piroxicam did not affect IL‐1 induced thymocyte proliferation (LAF assay). However, the LAF activity from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐treated MNP cultures was increased after Piroxicam (0·1–20 μol/L) treatment. The increase in apparent LC activity was largely due to suppression of prostaglandin E2(PGE2) production. Peripheral blood, spleen and thymus lymphocytes from animals predosed with Piroxicam (5 mg/kg per day for 3 days) synthesized more DNA than untreated mice (as measured by [3H]‐thymidine uptakeex vivo). MNP from Piroxicam‐treated animals produced significantly more LC. Piroxicam had similar effects in both inflamed and non‐inflamed mice. Piroxicam and other non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAID) may therefore stimulate or modulate the immune functions requiring lymphoproliferation by suppressing the formation of PGE2, a natural inhibitor of both LC production and LC‐induced lymphoproliferation.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1990.31

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2017

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe possible role of T lymphocytes inin vivoregulation of haemopoiesis by recombinant human granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor (rhG‐CSF) was evaluated, Athymic nude (nu/nu) mice and their normal (+/+) littermates were injected subcutaneously twice daily with 100 μg/kg per day of rhG‐CSF for 5 days. Such parameters as number of neutrophils in blood, spleen weight and cellularity, bone marrow cellularity, and number of stem and progenitor cells (colony forming units in spleen [CFU‐S], mix colony forming cells [Mix‐CFC], granulocyte‐macrophage colony forming cells [GM‐CFC]) in bone marrow and spleen were evaluated. Some effects of the rhG‐CSF treatment were similar in nu/nu and +/+ mice. Others, however, were to some extent different in the two groups of animals. It is concluded that T lymphocytes may be partially responsible for some of the effects of rhG‐CSFin vivoactivity.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1990.32

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2017

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens on the surface of cultured human embryonic myoblasts was studied by fluorescence microscopy. Class I or II MHC antigens were detected by monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) recognizing monomorphic determinants on HLA‐A, B and C (class I), or HLA‐DP. DQ and DR (class II) and a secondary fluorescein‐labelled sheep anti‐mouse immunoglobulin (Ig) antibody. Myoblasts were simultaneously identified using a MoAb directed against myosin light chains 1 and 2 (MLC1 and MLC2) and a combination of biotin‐labelled sheep anti‐mouse Ig antibody and Texas Red labelled streptavidin. We found that myoblasts demonstrated only very weak expression of either class of MHC but that, in the presence of more than 100 units of γ‐interferon (γ‐IFN) for 56–72 h, both class I and II MHC antigen expression increased significantly. During this time, class I antigen increased more than class II and at lower γ‐IFN concentrations. The implications of these findings for myoblast transfer therapy in Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients is discussed.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1990.33

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2017

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe concentration of interleukin‐2 receptor(IL‐2R)on maternal, cord blood and unrelated nulliparous mononuclear cells has been studied after a previous phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation. Furthermore, the inhibitive action of maternal and cord blood serum on the IL‐2R expression of stimulated nulliparous and cord blood lymphocytes has been shown. A downregulation of the [3H]‐thymidine uptake by these PHA treated cells previously incubated in maternal and cord blood serum has been observed. Retroplacental serum was the most inhibitive experimental medium. The IL‐2R modulation property of maternal serum has been studied during the pregnancy. Appearing quite early (in the sixth week), the maternal serum dependent inhibitive factor vanished, 2 to 3 weeks after delivery. After a study of the different serum components, it is suggested that the IL‐2R downregulating molecule is included in the maternal immunoglobulin (IgG) fraction. Further experiments suggest that the addition of recombinant IL‐2 during the action of low doses of maternal IgG allows a partial re‐expression of the IL‐2R. However, at physiological concentrations of IgG, the IL‐2R downregulation becomes irreversible.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1990.34

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2017

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThis study describes a new murine monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 5C1 raised against human colorectal carcinoma, which gave a differential reaction on formalin‐fixed sections of the gastrointestinal tract. The MoAb 5C1 of immunoglobulin M (IgM) isotype reacted with both the cytoplasm and membrane of all normal colonic epithelia, and with all benign colonic polyps and all premalignant colonic lesions. However, there was a decreased expression of the 5C1 antigen in most cases of colonic malignancy and it was this feature that makes MoAb 5C1 unique. The distribution of the 5C1 epitope in normal gastrointestinal tract is limited to a few epithelial cells in the mid‐portion of the small intestine but this distribution increased progressively down the digestive tract until it was found on>90% of normal epithelial cells (in membrane and cytoplasm) of the colon. In addition, the 5C1 epitope was present on mucin secreting cells from normal organs of the gastrointestinal, reproductive and pulmonary tract and benign and malignant tissues of the colon. On Western blots, MoAb 5C1 was found to detect a heterogeneous population of molecules with molecular weights>100 kDa with the strongest staining bands found between 230 and 300 kDa. MoAb 5C1 does not detect carcino‐embryonic antigens (CEA), human milk fat globules (HMFG), human lymphocyte antigens (HLA) or ABO blood group antigens. The combination of its presence in mucin secreting cells and its broad molecular weight bands suggest that the antigen detected is a mucin.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1990.35

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2017

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummarySeveral approaches were made to produce new monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) to human colonic tumours using different immunogens, such as colon cell lines, and tissue and serum from patients with colon cancer. Six MoAb were produced but all were found lo be reactive with carcino‐embryonic antigen (CEA). Through tissue reactivity and competitive inhibition studies it was found that four epitopes could be detected: CEA‐I detected by MoAb I‐l and O‐l; CEA‐2 detected by MoAb i7C4; CEA‐3 detected by MoAb LK‐4 and XPX‐13 and CEA‐4 detected by MoAb JGT‐13. CEA‐2 was also found on granulocytes and probably detects normal cross‐reacting antigen (NCA). In formalin‐fixed tissues the CEA‐specific epitopes were absent from normal adult tissues, but this was an artefact of the fixation procedure and fresh, non‐fixed colonic tissues were clearly reactive. All six MoAb reacted with>70% of colonic tumours when tested by the immunoperoxidase technique and gave different patterns of reactivity reflecting the differential expression of the CEA 1–4 epitopes. Despite the apparent specificity of these MoAb for colon cancer, serum testing using MoAb gave similar results to CEA polyclonal antibodies, that is the MoAb gave no obvious advantage. Thus efforts to produce new reagents to colon cancer yielded only anti‐CEA monoclonal reagents. Clearly, other new approaches are required to produce better diagnostic reagents for this common disease.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1990.36

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2017

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe molecular requirements for recognition of antigen‐modified cells by cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors (CTLp) and their activated progeny, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), have been compared using haptenated stimulator and target cells. The antigen density requirements of T cell recognition by fluorescein‐specific CTLp and CTL derived both from naive mice and from animals previously primedin vivowere determined. The cell surface hapten concentration required to stimulate CTLp cannot be distinguished from that required on target cells for lysis by their mature daughter CTL 5–7 days later. However, if the CTL (and their precursor CTLp) are derived from mice primedin vivowith hapten‐conjugated cells, they require lower cell surface hapten densities for recognition than do the analogous T cell populations from naive animals. Thus, the maturation of CTLp inio CTL during 5–7 daysin vitrodoes not result in any functionally relevant change in the nature or density of antigen receptors on the surface of the T cell. This is in contrast to the apparent selection which occurs over longer time periodsin vivofollowing priming.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1990.37

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2017

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA mouse IgG1monoclonal antibody (1C4), which recognizes a cell surface molecule on murine natural cytotoxic (NC) cells was produced. By flow cytometry, IC4 preferentially reacted with less than 5% of fresh CBA spleen cells and 20–50% of CBA‐interleukin‐3 (IL‐3) cells, anin vitroderived NC‐like cell line.In vitrotreatment of spleen cells from a number of inbred mouse strains either with 1C4 alone or 1C4 coupled to dynabeads markedly decreased or abolished NC activity of the cells against51Cr‐labelled WEHl‐164 targets. Splenic NC activity of these same mouse strains was also reduced or abolished byin vivoadministration of IC4. The effect was evident within 2 h of treatment and persisted for at least I week. In contrast 1C4 had little or no effect on splenic NK activity against51Cr‐labelled YAC‐1 targets over the same range of experimentsin vitroandin vivo.Results of strain surveys for bothin vitro and in vivoreduction of splenic NC activity by 1C4 treatment showed that CBA, C57BL/6, BALB/c and NZB mice were positive and CE and DBA/2 mice were negative, indicating that 1C4 recognizes an allo‐antigen on mouse NC cells. This allo‐antibody has been designated NC‐1·1, and thus 1C4 is an anti‐NC‐1·1 monoclonal antibody.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1990.38

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2017

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book review in this articleRETROVIRUS BIOLOGY AND HUMAN DISEASEBy R. C. Gallo and F. Wong‐StaalCURRENT CLINICAL TOPICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASESEdited by Jack S. Remington and Morton N. Swartz.RAPID MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS FOR FOODS, BEVERAGES AND PHARMACEUTICALSEdited by C. J. Stannard, S. B. Petit and F. A. Skinner.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1990.39

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2017

数据来源: WILEY