摘要:

SummaryThe relationship between interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) and interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) production and immunophenotype marker profiles was studied in a panel of 29 leukaemia and human T cell lymphotropic virus‐l (HTLV‐1)‐transformed T cell lines. Culture supernatants from six of the 29 T cell lines tested increased IL‐2 production by the MOLT‐16 cell line in a manner similar to that of rIL‐1α or rIL‐1β. The enhancing activity in the cell culture supernatants was inhibited by antibody against IL‐1α. Anti‐IL‐1β antibody bad no inhibitory effect. All the cell lines producing IL‐1α had characteristics of activated mature T cells. They were terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase (TdT)−, CD4+, CD8−, HLA‐DR+and all were strongly positive for IL‐2Rα (Tac antigen) expression. However, none of the IL‐1α producing cell lines secreted detectable IL‐2. A significant quantity of IL‐2 was found, after stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin, in supernatants from nine of the 29 cell lines tested. The majority of IL‐2 producing cell lines originated from less mature, non‐activated T cells, as they were characterized by the expression of TdT, lack of HLA‐DR antigens and>50% had no detectable IL‐2Rα. The results thus show that separate, phenotypically different leukaemia and HTLV‐1‐transformed T cell clones produce IL‐1α and lL‐2. While IL‐1α production is exclusively confined to the cell lines having the phenotype of activated mature T cells, the IL‐2 producing cell lines have much more diverse origins in terms of their stage of maturation.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1993.56

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2017

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe effect on anti‐hapten immune responses of altering the isoelectric point of hapten‐carrier conjugates by cationization was examined in sheep and mice. No adjuvants were employed in these studies. In sheep the cationization of ovalbumin‐dinitropheny1 (OVA‐DNP) resulted in an enhanced primary anti‐dinitropheny1 (DNP) response. The secondary anti‐DNP responses were not consistently greater for animals primed with cationized (CAT) OVA‐DNP than in animals primed with OVA‐DNP. Similar results were obtained with mice immunized with bovine serum albumin (BSA)‐DNP or CAT BSA‐DNP. Mice and sheep primed with OVA‐DNP failed to mount an anamnestic response following secondary immunization with CAT OVA‐DNP. Failure of a cationized hapten‐carrier to stimulate a secondary anti‐DNP response following priming with uncationized hapten‐carrier was also observed in mice using BSA‐DNP as the model antigen.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1993.57

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2017

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryDendritic cells (DC) isolated from peripheral intestinal lymph of inbred Wistar rats were injected into the hind footpads of Hooded CBH/Cbi rats. Administration of 104and 5 ′ 105allogeneic DC produced approximately six‐fold increase in popliteal node weight. This is only marginally greater than that caused by similar doses of syngeneic DC and about 30% greater than that caused by allogeneic mononuclear cells. The data indicated that allogeneic DC were not effective stimulators of host‐versus‐graft reactions in this assay.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1993.58

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2017

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA subpopulation of mononuclear leucocytes was prepared from umbilical cord venous blood by immunomagnetic depletion of lymphocytes and monocytes using monoclonal antibodies to CD2, CD3, CD14 and CD19 antigens, and examined for NK cell‐associated phenotypic and functional properties. The depleted population was enriched for the NK markers CD16 (mean 53.6% positive) and CD56 (mean 42.7% positive). While there was considerable overlap of these two markers, approximately one‐third of CD16+cells were CD56−; in contrast, few CD56+CD16−cells were found. CD16+/CD56+cells also co‐expressed CD7 and CD45RA antigens, while a minority weakly expressed CD8. Another marker of adult NK cells, CD57, was virtually absent from CD16+/GD56+cells, as was MHG Class 2. Freshly depleted cord cells had virtually absent natural cytotoxicity to K562 targets in a chromium release assay, but NK activity could he induced after 18 h exposure to recombinant human IL‐2, without significant change in phenotype. These findings confirm the phenotypic differences and functional defects of NK cells in cord blood as compared to adult blood, and identify a subset of cells with unique phenotype (GD2−CD3−CD7+CD16+CD56−GD57−). The precise relationship of this subset of cells to NK lineage remains to be defined.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1993.59

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2017

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to find genetic polymorphisms that might be useful in studies of Polynesian‐Caucasian racial admixture and Polynesian disease susceptibility. The allele frequencies of six T cell receptor locus RFLP were measured in 73 Caucasians and two Polynesian ethnic groups comprising 86 Maoris and 95 Samoans. The RFLP studied were (locus/enzyme/probe): Cα/Taq1/Y14, Vα/Taq1/Y14, Cβ/BglII/Y35, Cγ/PvuII/HGP02, Vβ7/BamHI/Vβ7.4 and VP8/BamHI/Vβ8.1. Racial differences in allele frequency were present with all six RFLP (P<0.001). The allele frequencies of the Vα/Taq1/Y14 and the Vp7/BamHI/7.4 RFLP were similar in the two Polynesian groups, both of which differed from the Caucasians. The 1.4 kb allele of the Vα/Taq1/Y14 RFLP and the 8.0 kb allele of the Vβ7/BamHI/7.4 RFLP were present in low frequency in both Polynesian groups compared to the Caucasian group, consistent with a gene flow effect. These alleles may be useful in studies of Caucasian–Polynesian racial admixture.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1993.60

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2017

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThis study used a panel of mAb and multiparameter flow cytometry to assess the composition of PBL from healthy aged individuals. The results showed that while total lymphocyte numbers altered only marginally in the aged (≥ 70 years) there were significant changes in the distribution of various sub‐populations; for example, there were lower numbers of CD3+and CD8+cells, and higher numbers of CD16+(NK) cells. As a direct result of these changes the numbers of CD2+cells remained unchanged in the aged compared with young adult controls (18–25 years). The number of CD4+T cells expressing CD45RO isoform (memory cells) exceeded the number of CD4+CD45RA+(naive) cells in aged donors, whereas the converse was true for young donors. In addition, associated with this increase in CD45RO+cells, the aged showed an expanded population of CD45RO+T cells displaying low surface levels of CD45RO. These data suggest that shifts in the distribution of regulatory T cell subsets may play a role in age‐related changes in immune response.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1993.61

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2017

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryGroups of deer were vaccinated with live or killed Bacillus Calmette‐Guerin (BCG), with and without oil adjuvant, to compare their immune responses with those found in naturally infected animals. Killed BCG in oil induced strong lymphocyte transformation (LT) and antibody (ELISA) responses specific forMycobacterium bovisantigens. Serum inflammatory proteins (SIP) were also induced after these animals were skin tested. This pattern of reactivity mirrored that found in naturally infected deer with active tuberculosis. Animals vaccinated with live BCG without oil adjuvant also produced strong LT reactivity hut this was directed at common mycobacterial antigens found on bothM. bovisandM. avium, although no antibody or SIP were detected at any stage of the experiment. The pattern of immune responsiveness to live BCG was similar to that found in naturally infected, but non‐diseased deer, and may represent the immunoprotective response to tuberculosis. Significant differences in specificity of lymphocyte transformation and intradermal skin test reactivity to mycobacterial antigens were also identified. Vaccination with BCG in various formulations provides an experimental probe to evaluate the immunological hasis of immunity to tuberculosis.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1993.62

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2017

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryEndothelial cells lining the vasculature participate in a variety of physiological processes. Following cell activation, functional changes are accompanied by changes in the surface structure (or phenotype) of these cells. Studies to date have tended to concentrate on selective changes induced with one or two surface molecules. The following study uses a different approach, having assessed potential changes to the endothelial cell surface using a large number (>120) of previously untested monoclonal antibodies, and the cytokines TNF‐α and γ‐IFN, as well as the proteolytic enzyme thrombin. Antibody representatives from all cluster of differentiation groups CD1 through to CD54 were assessed in these studies, which used human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In line with previous observations, antibodies within CD9, CD13, CD26, CD29, CD31, CD34, CD44, CD46, CD47, CD49, CD51 and CD54 gave significant and consistent reactivity using non‐stimulated (‘quiescent’) endothelium. Using parallel cells differentially stimulated with TNF‐α, γ‐IFN or thrombin, antibodies within CD1 through to CD15, CDwl7 to CD19, CD21 to CD23, CD26, CD27, CD29, CD30, CD33 to CD35, CD37, CD38, CD40, CD43 to CD46, CD48, CD51 to CD53 failed to provide any consistent alteration to reactivity patterns compared to non‐stimulated cells. There did, however, appear to be some activation induced changes using antibodies within the other CD groups (i.e. CD16, CD20, CD24, CD25, CD28, CD31, CD32, CD36, CD39, CD41, CD42, CD47, CD49, CD50 and CD54) which ranged from minor to significant in scope and magnitude.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1993.63

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2017

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryClinical and immunological similarities betweenLeishmania donovaniinfections in humans andL. majorinfections in mice suggest that some of the pathophysiological mechanisms are the same in the two conditions. Both infections can result either in a fatal systemic disease or in a self‐limiting infection with few and mild symptoms. In the murine model the outcome of the infection is critically related to the cytokines produced by T lymphocytes activated by leishmanial antigens. Activation of the IFN‐γ producing Th1 subset of CD4 positive T cells results in cure and survival, whereas activation of the IL‐4 secreting Th2 subset results in a progressive disease with fatal outcome. A similar Th1/Th2 dichotomy in the cytokine response toL. donovanimay exist in humans, and may have influence on the outcome of infection. In murine leishmaniasis the levels of IL‐4 and IFN‐γ at the time of infection can direct the T cell response into Th1 or Th2 type. If similar mechanisms operate in humans, the outcome of L.donovaniinfections may depend on the local cytokine environment in which early activation ofLeishmaniaspecific T cells takes place. Cytokines secreted by cross‐reactive memory T cells, activated by antigens from the invading micro‐organism, may contribute to determine this environment.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1993.64

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2017

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book Reviewed in this articleINFLAMMATION: BASIC PRINCIPLES AND CLINICAL CORRELATES, 2nd edn Edited by John Gallin.ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY OF THE EYE, 2nd edn By Mitchell H. Friedlaender.COMMUNICATION WITHIN ANIMAL CELLS Edited by Greg J. Barritt.THE MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF IMMUNOSUPPRESSION Edited by Angus W. Thomson.CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY By A. K. Abbas, A. H. Lichtman and J. S. Pober. W. B. Saunders

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1993.65

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2017

数据来源: WILEY