摘要:

SummaryTwo of four calves inoculated withLeptospira interrogansserovarbalcanicadeveloped low microscopic agglutinating (MA) titres to serovarhardjo. A third calf had an MA titre of 1:1024 by day 19 post‐inoculation (PI). Transient leptospiruria was recorded in one calf on days 12 and 13 PI. An in‐contact calf did not seroconvert. None of the calves had fever or other clinical signs of disease. Four ewes inoculated withbalcanicadeveloped MA titres tohardjoby day 13 PI, and a transient leptospiruria between days 14 and 25 PI. None of the ewes showed any evidence of clinical disease and three of them delivered healthy lambs 22 to 64 days PI. One ewe had mild lesions of focal interstitial nephritis.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1979.45

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary51Cr‐labelled uninfected cells, separated fromPlasmodium berghei‐infected mouse blood using the fluorescence‐activated cell sorter, were cleared more rapidly than normal mouse erythrocytes after intravenous injection into normal mice.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1979.46

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe cuticular surface of the infectious third‐stage larvae ofNematospiroides dubiusactivates complement via the alternative pathway. Sensitisation of larvae with complement or with antibodies from the serum of immune mice (resistant to reinfection) promoted the adherence of mouse peritoneal exudate cells to the larval cuticle during incubationin vitro. The infectivity of larvae sensitised with antibody or complement was significantly reduced after incubation with cells from immune mice.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1979.47

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIn vitrolymphoproliferative responses to foreign histocompatibility antigens are phylogenetically restricted. Responses occur most readily to allogeneic or closely related xenogeneic leucocytes, but not to unrelated xenogeneic cells. Specific cytotoxic T cell responses to foreign histocompatibility antigens show the same phylogenetic restriction. This tack of xenoreactivity is not due to a lack of precursor cells for the xenoantigens; guinea‐pig lymphocytes, although normally unresponsive to mouse antigens, have a similar precursor frequency for these antigens as do lymphocytes of allogeneic mouse strains. Specific cytotoxic responses of guinea‐pig lymphocytes to mouse antigens can be generated if a factor released from con A stimulated guinea‐pig spleen cells is added to the culture medium. The factor produced by con A‐activated spleen cells (CS) is also phylogenetically restricted in its action; CS must be obtained from animals homologous with the donor of the responding lymphocytes.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1979.48

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe effects of major and minor trauma on the circulating white blood cell populations of C57BL mice were followed. The results showed that not only major trauma (nephrectomy) but minor injury and stress (e.g. injection, bleeding) triggered a highly significant fall (50–70%) in the number of lymphocytes circulating in the blood. The fall was a gradual one, with the maximal drop 2 h after the operation or handling procedure. Major trauma resulted in a fall in both B and T Lymphocytes. Minor trauma produced a fall in B lymphocytes only. A 3–4 fold increase in circulating polymorph numbers also accompanied major trauma, but no increase was observed after minor trauma. The blood picture returned to normal generally within 24 h of both minor and major trauma. Repetition of the trauma stimulus after recovery led to a renewed trauma response.Bilateral adrenalectomy abolished the lymphocyte response to major and minor trauma and decreased the polymorph response to major trauma by more than 50%, indicating that stress hormones played a role in these changes.Studies with51chromium‐labelled lymphocytes, transferred into traumatized and adrenalectomized animals, suggested that decreased entry of lymphocytes into the blood (rather than increased exit from the blood into the tissues, or cell death) was the most likely mechanism of the lymphopenia following trauma.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1979.49

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryKeratin and prekeratin have been visualized histochemically by testing the reactivity of disulfide groups in the thymic corpuscles of the sheep, Rhesus monkey, rabbit and dog, and the reactivity of sulfhydryl groups in the sheep, Rhesus monkey, rabbit and rat. Ten to 50% of the thymic corpuscles showed keratinization by this method. Acidic mucosubstances were visualized histochemically in the Rhesus monkey, sheep and rat but not in the rabbit. Staining for vic‐glycol groups was prominent in all species tested.Neuraminidase treatment with subsequent Alcian blue‐periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS) staining indicated the presence of sialomucins in the thymic corpuscles of the monkey and rat, but sialomucins were not demonstrated in the rabbit.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1979.50

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAt Kowanyama, 104,006 adult female mosquitoes of a probable 47 species were collected on twelve occasions from April, 1972, to April, 1976. At Charleville, 71,791 adult females of 20 taxa were taken during thirteen periods from February, 1974, to February, 1976.Culex annulirostriswas predominant at Kowanyama and especially at Charleville where it comprised up to 99% of dry season collections.Culex fatigans, Ae normanensis, An annulipesand, at Kowanyama only,An bancroftiiwere the other major species collected. Several bait trapping methods were suitable for monitoring densities ofCx annulirostrisand other species but mammalian baits were best. BecauseCx annulirostrisactivity continued throughout winter even at Charleville, continuous cycles of arbovirus transmission are possible, although the potential of dormantAedeseggs also bears investigation as a method of arbovirus survival.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1979.51

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary171,348 mosquitoes and 4,353 other arthropods collected at three centres in Queensland in 1972–1976 yielded 151 strains of 18 viruses.Culex annulirostriswas the major source of virus notation but 42 strains fromAedes normanensisindicate it in be a vector of importance. Ross River and Kokobera viruses were isolated at Kowanyama in the dry season, a finding of interest as being compatible with year‐round survival in vector‐vertebrate cycles.Culex fatiganshas in part replacedCulex annulirostrisin peridomestic breeding sites at Kowanyama; the infreguency of virus isolation from it suggests that this replacement may lower arbovirus infection rates Twelve strains were identified as viruses antigenically distinct from any previously isolated in Australia or New Guinea: Ch16129, shown by the International Reference Centre for Arboviruses to be a previously undescribed member of the Simbu Group (Facey's Paddock virus), Ch16313 (Murweh), Ch19520 (Parker's Farm) and Ch19546 (Little Sussex). The remaining strains were identified as viruses previously known in Australia, but included many new host or geographical records.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1979.52

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryGroup B streptococci are implicated in a wide range of clinical conditions in human adults and neonates. The Group is subdivided into five serotypes Ia, Ib, Ic, II and III, which are differentiated on the basis of capsular polysaccharides. In the interests of epidemiology and efficiency a cheap, rapid method which is easily interpreted would be advantageous. In this study four methods of serotyping, namely, counter‐immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP), microimmunodiffusion (MID), coagglutination (COA), and the Lancefield capillary precipitin (CP) test were compared in terms of ease of operation and interpretation, accuracy and rapidity. Todd Hewitt Broth (THB) cultures and acid extracts of the group B streptococcal strains were used as antigens for these methods. It was concluded that COA using THB cultures allows cheap and rapid screening for presumptive serotyping, having a 93–96% correlation with the CP test. MID gives an accurate (100% correlation with the CP test) and unambiguous confirmatory diagnosis of serotype.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1979.53

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe effect of ketone bodies on the growth, in culture, of transformed lymphoblasts (Raji cells) was investigated. Cell growth was inhibited and this effect was reversible, non‐toxic, and proportional to the concentration of D‐β‐hydroxybutyrate up to 20mM. The total glucose utilisation and the total lactate production were reduced in proportion to the inhibition of cell proliferation. D‐β‐hydroxybutyrate was not metabolised by the cells. Other glycolytic inhibitors and chemical analogues of D‐β‐hydroxybutyrate cither did not inhibit or proved to be too toxic for cell growth. D‐β‐hydroxybutyrate also inhibited the growth of rabbit kidney (RK.13), HeLa, mouse melanoma (B16), fibroblast and trypsin‐dispersed human thyroid and beef testis cells. Moreover,in vivodietary‐induced ketosis reduced the number of B16 melanoma deposits in the lungs of CS7BL/6 mice by two‐thirds. The significance of these results in the clinical management of cancer cachexia is discussed.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1979.54

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY