摘要:

SummaryNatural anti‐chondrocyte cytotoxicity of normal rat splenocytes, peritoneal cells and thymocytes was tested by means of51Cr‐release assay. Chondrocytes derived from epiphyseal, costal, nasal, and auricular cartilages were used as target cells. In some experiments, erythroleukaemic K‐562 cells, known as typical natural killer cell targets, were also used. All types of chondrocytes were lysed equally well by splenocytes. Peritoneal cells exerted a low cytotoxic effect, whilst very low, almost negligible, cytotoxicity was noted with thymocytes. Negative selection with antibodies and complement showed that spleen‐derived anti‐chondrocyte effector cells are endowed with surface ganglioside asialo‐GM1. A similar result was obtained in parallel experiments with K‐562 cells. Moreover, ‘cold’ target experiments demonstrated that the release of51Cr from the labeled chondrocytes could be inhibited by addition of unlabelled chondrocytes and K‐562 cells.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1989.32

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe morphology, distribution and ontogeny of the 197+T lymphocyte subpopulation is described. Cells were identified by Immunofluorescent and immunoenzymic staining of cell suspensions and tissue sections. In the circulation, 197+cells are small and regular, indistinguishable in size from peripheral CD4+and CD8+cells, with little cytoplasm and a large amount of condensed chromatin. In the post‐natal animal they are unevenly distributed, being most common in the circulatory pathways, particularly in the blood. In the thymus they chiefly localize in the regions around Hassal's corpuscles and medullary blood vessels. They are totally absent from B cell areas in all tissues. They are the last of the T cells 10 appear in ontogeny, and are first detected in the thymus. Their frequency in blood is age‐dependent with peak levels occurring perinatally. There is a post‐natal decline in the frequency of 197+cells in ileocaecal but not in prescapular lymph nodes. We conclude that these T cells differ from the more commonly described T cells, not only in their surface expression of the CD4, CD8 and T19 antigens, but also in the time of their first appearance, their age‐related prevalence and their distribution between and within tissues.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1989.33

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThis report describes the results of functional studies on the CD3+197+CD4−CD8−TCR γ/δ+peripheral T lymphocyte of sheep. Cell types were identified by immunofluorescent and immunoenzymic staining and separated by fluorescence activated flow cytometry. Newly synthesized DNA was labelledin vivoby incorporation of 5‐bronio‐2‐deoxyuridine (BrdU), and total DNA byin vitroincubation with propidium iodide. Cells were challengedin vivowith alloantigens,in vitrowith alloantigens or a range of mitogens, and activation/differentiation was assessed by determination of cell number, phenotype, and thymidine incorporation. In normal lambs the 197+cells showed noin vivoDNA synthesis except at a low level in the ileocaecal lymph node. A similarly low level of synthesis in the prescapular node was induced by local allogeneic challenge. A higher proportion of 197+cells than of other T cells isolated from blood and lymph had G2/M phase DNA content, while very few had S phase DNA content. The response of 197+cells in terms of change in relative numbers followingin vivoallogeneic challenge was quite different to that of CD4+or CD8+cells. Instead of rising to a peak at 5‐8 days after challenge and then declining, the percentage of 197+cells rose steadily with no evidence of decline by 14 days. Purified 197+cells were activatedin vitroby phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin‐A (Con‐A) but not by B cell mitogens; such activation was dependent on the inclusion of feeder cells or interleukin‐2 (IL‐2). PHA‐induced proliferation was accompanied by altered expression of surface molecules by a proportion of the cells. Changes observed included loss of 197 antigen and gain of CD4, CD8 or MHC II antigens. In some cases coexpression of two or more of these surface antigens occurred. Thus the 197+T‐cell is as distinctive in the pattern of its functional behaviour as it is in its previously reported phenotype, distribution and ontogeny.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1989.34

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryUsing a highly sensitive immunofluorescence procedure 15‐45% of blood lymphocytes from normal human donors can be shown lo react with anti‐TAC (CD25) monoclonal antibodies. The standard procedure for indirect immunofluorescencc docs not allow the detection of these CD25‐positive cells. Ten healthy adults were tested, and all showed a population of positive cells. Three donors have been tested more than once, and have given consistent results. Three different CD25 antibodies were used, again with consistent results. Double‐marker studies showed that the positive cells included B cells, as well as CD4‐bearing and CD8‐bearing T cells.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1989.35

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAs part of the strategy for screening for natural kilter (NK) cell‐specific monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) we have raised a number of murine NK‐like cell lines in media containing interleukin‐2 (IL‐2). The detection of specific NK cell alloantigens on a C57BL/6 cell line in long‐term culture in IL‐2 is the subject of this paper. The C57BL/6 cell line has the morphology of large granular lymphocytes (LGL) and exhibits strong cytolytic activity against the archetype NK cell target, YAC‐1, Absorption of three anti‐NK antiserum. NZB anti‐BALB/c (anti‐NK‐2‐1), BALB/c anti‐DBA/2 (anti‐NK‐31) and CE anti‐CBA (anti‐NK‐4·1), with the C57BL/6 cell line removed the anti‐NK activity from these antisera. Flow cytometric studies of the C57BL/6 cell line demonstrated significant binding of the anti‐NK‐1·1 MoAb produced by hybridoma PK136. Our results suggest that the C57BL/6 NK‐like cell line exhibits some of the properties of naive NK cells and expresses all the known NK cell‐specific alloantigens, NK‐1·1, NK‐2·1. NK‐3·1 and NK‐4·1 and therefore is potentially useful in selecting NK specific hybridomas and in studying the biology of NK cells.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1989.36

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryBone marrow‐derived murine macrophages were used to study the relationship between the proliferative response of macrophages to macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (CSF‐1) and their activation for cytocidal activity against tumour cells. Macrophage activation required two sequential signals. Lymphokines (gamma interferon, interleukin‐4) provided the first (priming) signal; bacterial products (lipopolysaccharide, lipophilic muramyl tripeptide, lipopeptide 31362, pertussis toxin) provided the second (triggering) signal. Both priming and triggering agents inhibited [3H]‐thymidine uptake by macrophages stimulated with CSF‐1. The antiproliferative activity of priming and triggering stimuli was synergistic, Pretreatment with triggering stimuli at 37°C caused a rapid reduction of the subsequent binding of [125I]‐CSE‐1 to the cell surface at 4°C, whereas priming agents had relatively little effect. Growth inhibition by both priming and triggering agents was largely reversible by washing the cells, and occurred even when they were added as long as 24 h after the growth factor. The ability of pertussis toxin to both inhibit CSF‐1‐induced proliferation and trigger cytotoxicity in macrophages suggests the involvement of a regulatory GTP‐binding protein (G protein) in both processes.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1989.37

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryClass II antigens encoded within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) have been examined at the ultrastructural level in enterocytes from both man and rat. A protocol has been developed for fixation which, in conjunction with a pre‐embedding indirect immunoperoxidase technique preserves antigenicity of the class II molecules and allows detection of intracellular antigen. Details of the technique are provided and discussed in relation to the general paucity of information available on ultrastructural localization of class II MHC molecules. Class II MHC antigens have been identified on the basolateral cell membranes of enterocytes in both species and they have also been found in association with intracellular organelles that have the appearance of multivesicular bodies and secondary lysosomes. These observations link class II molecules with the endocytic pathway in enterocytes and suggest a possible role in the handling of gut antigens. The findings may have a more general significance in relation to the site of engagement between processed antigen and MHC molecules in specialized antigen‐presenting cells.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1989.38

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe distribution of Gm allogenotypes (Gm allotypes identified by IgCH restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis) was compared in 66 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, 38 CREST/PSS patients and 56 healthy controls. Patient/control comparison showed that Gm homozygosity was increased in the CREST/PSS group (P<0·05) but not in the SLE group. HLA‐DR5 is significantly increased in frequency in this series of CREST/PSS patients compared to controls (P<0·001), and log linear regression analysis showed that although both DR5 and Gm homozygosity were significant factors determining disease susceptibility, there was no evidence of an interactive effect between these two groups of genes increasing the predisposition to CREST/PSS.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1989.39

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryRabbit antiserum was raised against a 23 000 molecular weight (MW) antigen prepared fromCryptosporidiumoocysts by electro‐elution from polyacrylamide gels. The antiserum was tested for specificity by immunoblotting against solubilized oocyst preparations. Several antigens including the 23 000 MW antigen were recognized suggesting that it shared common epitopes with higher MW proteins. The antiserum was then used in conjunction with a protein A‐colloidal gold conjugate to locate antigenic sites within exogenous and endogenous developmental stages ofCryptosporidium. The pellicles of both sporozoites and merozoites exhibited specific labelling, particularly around their anterior ends. No specific labelling was observed for any other membrane determinants or organelles in these or other life cycle stages.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1989.40

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY