摘要:

SummaryThe immunopharmacokinetics of chloroquine were studied inPlasmodium knowlesi‐infected and uninfected rhesus monkeys. In control monkeys, chloroquine depressed the percentage of lymphocyte subpopulation and their proliferative response after the third dose of drug administration. The effect was maximum during day 6 to 10 after initiation of treatment. During this period the plasma level of chloroquine was high. The drug was slowly excreted and recovery in immune functions was noticed by the 20th day of treatment. On the other hand, the drug caused an irreversible effect on the proliferative response of normal lymphocytes followingin vitroexposure of cells.Interestingly, while the drug depressed the immune functions of normal animals. It reversed the immunosuppression caused by malarial parasites in infected animals. The probable mechanism of action of the drug has been discussed.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1987.23

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryImmunization of hamsters with plasma membrane (PM) antigens of virulent subline of axenicEntamoeba histolytica(NIH: 200 V) entrapped in multilamellar phosphatidyl choline liposomes conferred 100% protection to a subsequent intrahepatic amoebic challenge. In contrast, vaccination of hamsters with live amoebic trophozoites injected intradermally failed to protect any of the animals. The protected animals had significantly high levels of anti‐PM anti‐amoebic antibodies, cellular sensitization and macrophage‐mediated antibody‐dependent cytotoxicity against amoebic trophozoites. However, none of the intradermally immunized animals had anti‐PM anti‐amoebic antibodies at the time of challenge. Such animals also had significantly low macrophage‐mediated antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity. The data indicate the potential prophylactic use of PM antigens against hepatic amoebic infection.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1987.24

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA crude soluble extract (AWH) obtained from homogenized adultNematospiraides dubiusworms was fractionated into normal (NMIgAg) and immune (IMIgAg) antigens by sequential passage through Sepharose 4B, and CNBr‐activaled Sepharose 4B to which immunoglobulins from normal (NMIg) andN. dubius‐infected mouse serum (IMIg) had been coupled. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGF) under reducing conditions showed that MNIgAg and IMIgAg contained several proteins with molecular weights (MW) between 20,000 and 200,000. IMIgAg contained 2 polypeptides, MW 24,000 and 55,000, which reacted strongly in western blot analysis against IMIg; the larger molecule related lo a cuticular component of the worm. Protective high MW AWH G‐200 filtrates shared 5 polypeptides with IMIgAg (MW 85,000–200,000) together with several smaller molecules (MW 30,000‐<10,000). The MW 55,000 and 24,000 components concentrated in IMIgAg were restricted to non‐protective low MW AWH gel filtrates. BCFI mice vaccinated with IMIgAg were protected againstN. dubius. Worm numbers, size and fecundity were reduced to an extent commensurate with that obtained in mice vaccinated with AWH. Mice vaccinated with NMIgAg showed partial resistance. The role of surface and dominant parasite immunogens in immunity is discussed.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1987.25

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe protein composition ofStrongyloides rattiinfective larvae and adult worms extracted sequentially in water, sodium deoxycholate and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and their excretory/secretory products were analysed by both one‐ and two‐dimensional SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. While many bands common to all preparations and both stages of the worm were seen, a number of bands unique to each stage and preparation were identified. Western blot analysis of these larval and adult preparations for reaction with IgG and IgM antibodies in hyperimmune mouse sera revealed a large number of antigens. These data provide a framework for analysis of protective and diagnostically useful antigens.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1987.26

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA mouse monoclonal antibody raised against acute myeloid leukaemia cells (YB5.B8 monoclonal antibody; Gadd. S. J. and Ashman, L. K. (1985): Leukaemia Res. 9, 1329–1336) has been found by an indirect immunoperoxidase technique to bind to scattered cells in frozen sections from a number of human tissues. They have been identified as mast cells in fixed sections of skin, tonsil and duodenum by simultaneous staining of glycosaminoglycan with Alcian blue in 0.7 N HCl. The antibody does not distinguish mast cells in mucosal tissues from those in connective tissue, although the level of expression by cells al both sites appears to be heterogeneous. With the exception of tow affinity binding to B lymphocytes, no other bone marrow‐derived cells were found to bind the antibody. In particular, basophils and eosinophils were not stained, suggesting that they are not related closely to masi cells and that the antigen detected by YB5.B8 monoclonal antibody is not an IgE Fc receptor. Therefore, among all mature haemopoietic lineages, the antibody is specific for mast cells.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1987.27

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummarySignificant differences were found between the follicle‐associated epithelial cells (FAE) covering the domes of the jejunal and ileal Peyer's patches (PP) in calves. Whereas the FAE of the jejunal PP had scattered membraneous (M) cells among absorptive epithelial cells, the FAE of the ileal PP constituted a homogeneous population of cells different from both absorptive cells and M cells. The FAE of the ileal PP had short microvilli or folds, cytoplasmic vesicles and vacuoles containing acid phosphatase. Fifty nanometer membrane‐bounded panicles were found in lacunae extending from the lateral cell border These particles appeared to have been shed from the FAE. Finger‐like projections, rich in microfilaments, extended into the lacunae. M cells had short, sparse microvilli, many vesicles, few lysosomal structures, and they enfolded groups of mononuclear leucocytes. Transcytosis of macromolecular tracers occurred in both M cells and in the FAE of the ileal PP, though the uplake was greater in the latter. The 50 nm particles were also found between cells in the lymphoid tissue underneath the FAE of the ileal PP, The FAE of PP in pre‐ and post‐naial lambs from 115 days of gestation and onwards, and goal kids, showed similar structural features.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1987.28

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryLymphocytes exchanged rapidly and extensively between mutually tolerant, allogeneic rats following surgical parabiosis. Tolerated allogeneic cells persisted for an extended period in parabiotic partners after separation. A rapid exchange of cells was also observed between parabiosed syngeneic pairs of normal and allograft tolerant rats. This was accompanied by early termination of the tolerant state manifested by skin graft rejection and return of specific lymphocyte alloreactivity.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1987.29

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryPrimary afferent unmyelinated nerves modulate the inflammatory response to injury through a process known as neurogenic inflammation. The undecapeptide Substance P is contained in many of these nerves and therefore may be an important mediator of the response. Treatment of neonatal rats with capsaicin permanently destroys primary afferent unmyelinated nerves and depletes the skin and other organs of Substance P. These animals have a reduced capacity to mount an inflammatory response to injury. We examined the ability of Substance P to chemo‐attract neutrophils from normal rats and rats treated as neonates with capsaicin. Substance P was shown to cause normal rat neutrophils to chemotact at an optimum concentration of 5 × 10−5M. Equivalent chemotaxis was observed in neutrophils from rats pretreated as neonates with capsaicin. Substance P did not increase chemokinesis. Thesein vitroresults support the view that the reduced neurogenic inflammatory response seen in capsaicin‐pretreated rats is not due to a direct toxic effect of capsaicin on neutrophils, but may be due to a decreased availability of neurally derived Substance P at the site of injury.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1987.30

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY