摘要:

SummarySpecific IgG anti‐Babesiaantibodies could be detected by an ELISA test in the serum of adoptively immunized mice which subsequently were infected withBabesia microti. Initially, higher IgG antibody levels were present in the recipients of either untreated immune spleen cells or mitomycin C‐treated immune spleen cells compared with the values in control mice which received the infection alone. Subsequently, a marked anamnestic response occurred only in mice which received untreated immune spleen cells and not in the recipients of mitomycin C‐treated cells, demonstrating a requirement for proliferation of B memory cells in the anamnestic response. When mice were injected with either T or B enriched spleen cell subpopulations and infected withB. microti, the anamnestic antibody response in each animal correlated well with protection against infection. The stimulation of the adoptively transferred immune spleen cells In recipient mice by injection ofB. microtiantigen fractions prepared by DEAE cellulose chromatography increased the level of antibody production and protection against infection in these mice. A highly significant correlation between these two parameters could be demonstrated for certain antigen fractions.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1985.29

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummarySheep experimentally depleted of copper (Cu) and infected withTrichostrongylus axeiandTrichostrongylus colubriformiswere studied for changes in white blood cell (WBC) populations, anti‐parasite antibody responses andin vitroproliferative response to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) andTrichostrongylusspp. antigens. Increases in circulating total WBC, lymphocyte, monocyte and neutrophil leucocyte numbers had a bimodal distribution which was related to the different developmental stages of the nematode. Eosinophil leucocyte numbers were generally lower than those of uninfected control sheep and could be associated with parasite‐induced selective unresponsiveness or PHA responsive cells. Thein vitroblastogenic responses of lymphocytes to PHA stimulation increased rapidly soon after infection, reaching a peak at 2 weeks, but then declined rapidly and from 5 weeks after infection responses to PHA were barely detectable. The patterns of proliferate response against LPS andTrichostrongylusspp. antigens were identical and correlated with the appearance of anti‐parasite antibodies in the serum. These last three responses reached their maxima 5 weeks after infection and then stabilized at a plateau around peak levels. It was concluded that, although the changes in the host immune response could not be consistently associated with interactions between Cu deficiency and infection, the results nevertheless suggest that Cu, as a micro‐nutrient, has a role in the mechanism of cell‐mediated immunity in sheep infected withTrichostrongylusspp.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1985.30

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1985.31

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryNormal syngeneic recipients rejected a substantial proportion of skin grafts following their retransplantation after a period of residence on tolerant allogeneic or normal semi‐allogeneic hosts. Rejection was often atypical in its delayed onset and protracted course. Examination of the effect of a variety of manipulations of graft donors and of intermediate hosts revealed that active involvement of cells derived from both categories was required for the initiation of an allograft reaction after transfer to the ultimate, syngeneic recipient. Liability of retransplanted syngeneic skin grafts to rejection could be almost entirely abolished by their exposure to 300 rads irradiation before placement on the intermediate host. Skin from neonatally thymectomized donors or from rats specifically tolerant of the intermediate F1hybrid host was much less liable to ultimate rejection than was skin from normal hosts. These experiments suggest that rejection of re‐transplanted, syngeneic grafts may result from some form of activation of cells of the graft during its period on the intermediate host.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1985.32

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThese studies examined the influence of gluten ingestion on the murine immune response to this cereal antigen. The results demonstrated that the level of specific antibody in the serum of mice immunised with gliadin is markedly reduced when gluten is present in the diet on which the animals were raised. Serum antibody concentrations in the gluten‐free (G‐F) mice were between 10‐ and 50‐fold greater than those in the standard (STD) mice. The suppression of the antibody response to gliadin in the gluten‐fed mice appeared to be antigen‐specific, as STD mice responded normally to unrelated antigens such as sheep red blood cells (SRBC). This hyporesponsiveness towards gliadin develops very early in the animals’ life. We suggest that this may occur through the transfer of small immunogenic fragments from mothers to their offspring eitherin uteroor post‐natally in the milk.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1985.33

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA monoclonal antibody, GA‐1, was prepared against anM. rufogriseuscell surface antigen on anM. rufogriseus(red necked wallaby)—mouse somatic cell hybrid. Fibroblasts from a number of marsupial species were tested for reaction with GA‐1, and only those from the Macropodidae species and the sole member of the family Tarsipedidae reacted, indicating that the Tarsipedidae is possibly more closely related to the Macropodidae than to any other group of marsupials examined.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1985.34

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe effect of vaso‐active intestinal peptide(VIP)on natural killer (Nk)cell activity and immunoglobulin synthesisin vitrohas been Studied. At a concentration of 10‐6M, VIP significantly inhibited the NK cell activity of normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)on K562 target cells. The concentration of IgG, IgA and IgM in the supernatants of pokeweed mitogen‐stimulated PBMC was increased when VIP was added at the beginning of the culture period. It is possible that VIP may influence immune responses in the intestinal tract, where it is a neurotransmitter and is found in high concentrations.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1985.35

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1985.36

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe detection of anti‐tumour cell‐mediated Immunity in cancer patients by the leucocyte adherence Inhibition test was reported in 1974. The test has since been variously described as capricious, non‐reproducible and invalid. These criticisms may be related to the critical and difficult to reproduce washing procedure of the original test. In order to overcome this, an automated assay has been developed.The apparatus devised allows replicate samples to be tested concurrently. It consists of 30 × 100 μl syringes whose barrels have been extended by nylon cones (1500 μl) and whose plungers move synchronously.Suspensions of washed peripheral blood leucocytes with serum and tumour antigen are incubated in the syringes. Non‐adherent cells are washed from the syringes by fully withdrawing their plunders and allowing entry of 1,000 μl of saline from the cones. The effluent containing non‐adherent cells is collected and automatically counted.A one‐way analysis of variance using a statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) programme for the syringe, wash and drainage volumes indicates that the variance between syringes is so small that sub‐division of the syringes into control and test groups is justified. The crudity of the prototype, however, results in variations between volumes aspirated on successive occasions.Preliminary clinical studies show that 13/15 patients have a test result which correlates with their Mantoux status.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1985.37

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryBody skin was grafted betweenBos taurus‐Bos indicushaemopoietic chimeric calves produced by embryo transfer. Grafts of body skin fromBos taurusanimals to theirBos indicuschimeric co‐twins survived For more than 2 and 1/2 years as assessed by the growth of hair from the grafts. There was no evidence of survival of the reciprocal grafts. It is suggested that depilation, dehydration and desquamation are not suitable criteria for assessment of skin grafts in cattle.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1985.38

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY