摘要:

SummaryThe complement of fresh normal rat serum was activated by filarial eggs and microfilariae (mf). C3 was deposited on the surface ofLitomosoides carinii, Brugia pahangi, Brugia malayiandDipetalonema viteaeas seen by immunofluorescence. Intra‐uterine andin vitro‐derived mf did not bind C3. In contrast, C3 bound to the blood‐derived mf ofB. pahangiandB. malayias well as exsheathed mf ofL. cariniiandB. malayi. Significant consumption of complement was observed with eggs of all filarial species, as well as sheathed mf ofB. pahangi, B. malayiand exsheathed mf ofL. cariniiandB. malayi. These experiments indicated that complement was activated by filarial parasites via the alternative pathway. The bound complement promoted neutrophil‐mediated adherence and cytotoxicity.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1987.41

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA DNA hypervariable polymorphism associated with the human immunoglobulin JHgene locus on chromosome 14 is described. Its potential applications include the distinguishing of cells as host or donor in a transplantation situation as well as characterisation of immunoglobulin gene rearrangements.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1987.42

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThis Paper details our initial experiences with a semi‐automated leucocyte adherence inhibition (SALAI) assay in patients with colorectal disease. Two assay systems were used. Leucocytes from blood donors and patients with different colorectal diagnoses were tested for sensitization to colorectal tumour extracts, and leucocytes from healthy blood donors were assayed with serum from blood donors or patients to determine whether the serum itself contained factors which would react with the non‐sensitized leucocytes in the test system.The sensitivity of the SALAI assay using patients;leucocyteswas 64% and the specificity was 68% Discriminant analysis did not affect the sensitivity of the assay for colorectal cancer (64%), although the specificity was increased for all patients except those with malignant disease other than colorectal cancer. The sensitivity of the SALAI assay using patientsserumwas 50% but specificity was 74% Discriminant analysis increased the sensitivity of this assay to 80% but specificity was reduced to 61%. Thus, the SALAI assay with patients serum, although potentially more advantageous than the assay using patients; leucocytes in the clinical setting, was less specific. Further more, samples from patients with early colorectal cancers were less reactive making the serum assay unsuitable for screening asymptomatic patients. The SALAI assay using patients' leucocytes, however, has a higher sensitivity than most reported variations of the assay but a slighty lower specificity. It is suggested that the SALAI assay is preferable to other methods for leucocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) testing.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1987.43

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryMice immunized with a glycolipid antigen (GL) ofLeishmania majorplus adjuvant are relatively resistant to subsequent infection with this protozoan parasite. The GL is affinity purified on the monoclonal antibody WIC‐79.3 which isL. major‐specificand does not react withL. donovani. When another monoclonal, WIC‐108.3, which cross‐reacts with severalLeishmaniaspecies, is used to affinity purify GL fromL. donovani, the eluted material can partially protect genetically resistant mice againstL. major. Thus, GL cross‐reactions may in part underlie the known protective effects of crudeL. donovaniantigens againstL. majorinfection. Experiments with live parasites of theL. majorisolate LRC‐L119, that is non‐pathogenic in mice, that does not survive long in macrophagesin vitro, and that has not been shown to contain any WIC‐79.3 reactive GL, indicated that this isolate wilt very effectively protect mice against subsequent infection. This raises the possibility that GL is only one of at least two different classes of vaccinating antigen capable of protectively immunizing mice in this cutaneous leishmaniasis model.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1987.44

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummarySera from mice immunized by repeated anthelmintic‐terminated infections (IMS) or by a single primary infection (PMS) ofNematospiroides dubiuswere assayed for antibodies reactive withN. dubiusantigens. The surface proteins of adult worms, the excretory/secretory (ES) proteins of adult worms and soluble extracts from lysates of both adult (AWH) and larval (LWH)N. dubiuswere used in an immuno‐precipitation assay. A 60,000 MW protein was the major radiotabelled surface and ES protein. This antigen was dominant in precipitates by IMS from AWH, ES and surface‐labelled worms but was not precipitated by PMS from any antigen source. Minor antigens of 20,000, 33,000, 36,000, 45,000, 50,000 and 66,000 MW were precipitated from AWH by both PMS and IMS but not from ES or surface‐labelled worms. The dominant antigen precipitated from LWH by IMS was 20,000 MW. This antigen was not precipitated by PMS but larval antigens of 65,000 and 96,000 MW were precipitated by both PMS and IMS. The major antigens precipitated by IMS were adult (60,000 MW) and larvae (20,000 MW) stage‐specific but some minor antigens (33,000, 45,000, 50,000 MW) were common to both stages. Our results show that the dominant antigen precipitated by serum immunoglobulin from mice immunized by repeated anthelmintic‐terminated infections are proteins present on both the cuticle surface and in the ES.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1987.45

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe binding patterns of 28 monoclonal antibodies (MAB) recognizing antigens belonging to Cluster of Differentiation One (CD‐1) were analyzed in order to investigate heterogeneity within this cluster. Competitive binding assays using radiolabelled MAB provided detailed information on CD‐1 antigenic heterogeneity, and demonstrated that at least six epitopic regions are recognised as CD‐1 MAB. Further studies, based on single cell suspension immunofluorescence assays (using thymocytes and subclones on the cell line Molt‐4), suggested that the majority of MAB studied could be serologically separated into three groups. In view of the most recent information suggesting that CD‐1 MAB recognize at least three different early T‐cell differentiation molecules, our results indicate that there are three or more distinct epitopes on the ‘gp49’ (HTA‐1/CD‐1a) molecule, two on the ‘gp45’ (HTA‐3/CD‐1b) molecule and one on ‘gp43’ (HTA‐2/CD‐1c).

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1987.46

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIgG1and lgG2participation in anti‐hapten, anti‐carrier and immunoglobulin‐containing cell (Ig‐cc) responses was studied in sheep immunised with killedStaphylococcus aureus‐Dinitrophenyl (DNP) conjugates. The antigen was given with or without the polyanionic adjuvant dextran sulphate (DXS). Animals were immunised intracutaneously on the lateral hock of one hind leg with 1 × 109S. aureus‐DNP with or without 20 mg DXS. Six weeks later, primed sheep underwent surgery to cannulate an efferent popliteal lymphatic vessel in the immunised leg. Forty‐eight hours after surgery, each sheep was given a further intracutaneous injection of 1 × 109S.aureus‐DNP with or without 20 mg DXS adjacent to the primary injection site. IgG1‐cc and IgG2‐cc in lymph were counted using indirect immunofluorescence. Total IgG1and IgG2anti‐staphylococcal and anti‐DNP antibody output in lymph was determined using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA's). DXS markedly increased antibody responses to S.aureus‐DNP in the popliteal lymph node of sheep and was shown to strongly enhance immunological memory. The ratios of IgG2‐cc:IgG1‐cc and lgG2:IgG1anti‐staphylococcal antibody in lymph‐draining popliteal lymph nodes of sheep stimulated with DXS and S.aureus‐DNP was significantly greater than the same ratios in animals given antigen alone. The IgG subclass‐specific immunomodulatory effects of DXS were exerted whether the adjuvant was given with primary and/or secondary inoculations. There was no difference in the ratio of IgG2:IgG1anti‐DNP antibody in lymph from animals given S.aureus‐DNP with and without DXS.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1987.47

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA murine monoclonal antibody has been used to characterise a 45,000 Da antigen that is associated with the surface membrane of merozoites of the human malaria parasitePlasmodium falciparum. The antigen is a glycoprotein and incorporates myristic acid.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1987.48

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryCarbonic anhydrase (CA) was found to be a marker for 50 nanometer membrane‐bounded particles shed from the lateral cell border of follicle‐associated epithelial cells (FAE) in the ileal Peyer's patch (PP) of pre‐ and post‐natal lambs and goat kids. The CA‐positive particles seemed to filter into the underlying lymphoid tissue where they formed part of the matrix embedding the cells of the follicle centre.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1987.49

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1987.50

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY