ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1994.67

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2017

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1994.54

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2017

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe glycoprotein processing inhibitor castanospermine (CS) and the monosaccharide mannose‐6‐phosphate (M6P), as well as some sulfated polysaccharides (SPS), have been shown to inhibit inflammation in rat models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and adjuvant‐induced arthritis. Here, the anti‐inflammatory effects of these agents have been further explored in murine models of allograft rejection and elicitation of peritoneal exudates. CS, M6P and the SPS, fucoidan, partially inhibited rejection of permanently accepted thyroid allografts induced by the i.p. injection of donor strain (H‐2d) spleen cells with a reduction in leucocyte infiltration of 25–36%. However none of these agents reduced the more extensive leucocyte infiltration induced by the i.p. injection of P815 (H‐2d) unless recipient mice were pretreated with the immunosuppressant. Cyclosporin A (CsA). Elicitation of peritoneal exudates by thioglycollate was inhibited by CS. M6P and fucoidan with sustained leucopenia being induced by CS. In contrast, CS and fucoidan, but not M6P, inhibited antigen‐elicited peritoneal exudates. These results suggest that CS, M6P and the SPS fucoidan exhibit subtle differences in their anti‐inflammatory activity but probably inhibit inflammation at the level of leucocyte extravasation.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1994.55

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2017

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThein vitroimmunosuppressive effect caused by a murine lymphokine‐activated killer cell line with B‐lymphoblast‐lytic activity was studied. The cloned cells (named BC‐1.10, phenotype Thy1.2+LFA‐1+, TCR‐αβ−, TCR‐γδ−, FcγRII−, CD2−, CD3ε−, CD4−, CD8−and express mRNA of ζ chain) suppressed LPS‐induced Ig synthesis by B lymphoblasts previously stimulated with LPS. Phasecontrast microscopy indicated disappearance of B lymphoblasts at 24 h after the addition of BC‐1.10 cells. This suppressive effect was reduced when BC‐1.10 cells were pretreated with anti‐LFA‐1 mAb, which inhibits cytotoxicity of this clone. These data suggest that the immunosuppressive effect of BC‐1.10 is due to an elimination of B lymphoblasts, and that one of the physiological functions of lymphokine‐activated killer (LAK) cells, which are induced as a consequence of immune reactions, might be immunosuppression.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1994.56

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2017

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryLangerhans cells (LC) play a critical role in cutaneous immunity, and whereas Thy‐1−dendritic epidermal cells (Thy‐1+dEC) are also present in murine epidermis, their role remains unknown. Antigens and cytokines influence the number of LC found in the epidermis. However, there has been no investigation into the effects of particular cytokines during resolution of a viral infection. In order to study this we infected mice subcutaneously with vaccinia virus (VV) constructs containing the genes encoding TNF‐α, IL‐6 or IFN‐γ and the density of LC, THY‐1+dEC and CD4+cells was determined. In this system the cytokines were produced locally at the site of viral replication. Cell densities were examined at day 1, while the response was being initiated, and at day 5 as the infection was being resolved. Infection with VV, like exposure to other antigens, decreased the density of epidermal LC at day 1, and they remained depressed at day 5. Production of TNF‐α during VV growth did not influence this response by LC, whereas IFN‐γ and IL‐6 both increased the number of epidermal Ia+LC at day 1 but then caused a reduction at day 5. Thy‐1+dEC were not affected by VV infection at any time‐point examined, nor did any cytokine influence the density of these cells at day 1. However, by day 5 IFN‐γ and IL‐6, but not TNE‐α, decreased the number of Thy‐1+dEC. These changes in cell densities are consistent with LC but not Thy‐1+dEC playing a role in initiation of immunity against VV and a complex interplay between cytokines and these cells during the response to VV. CD4+T cells were also attracted into the epidermis by IEN‐γ and IL‐6 but not by TNE‐α

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1994.57

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2017

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe precise role of immune cells in beta cell killing and their manner of invasion of pancreatic islets in insulin‐dependent diabetes meilitus (IDDM) are unclear. We have attempted to target pancreatic islets of severe‐combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice with spleen cells from diabetic and non‐diabetic female non‐obese diabetic (NOD) mice given i.p. or i.v. Pancreatic, liver and kidney sections of SCID mice were assessed histologically for the presence of donor cells. The presence of raised levels of serum Ig was also used as an index of engraftment of donor cells in the periphery of SCID mice. All six SCID mice which received i.v. spleen cells from normal Swiss mice died within 2 weeks from graft versus host disease (GVHD) whereas five out of nine mice survived for 30 days after i.p. injection. No deaths were recorded after i.v. or i.p. injection of spleen cells from NOD mice. Pancreatic islets of four out of six SCID recipients of diabetic and three out of five recipients of non‐diabetic spleen cells following i.p. injection showed lymphocytic infiltrates in the peri‐islet and perivascular regions. All SCID mice which received i.v. spleen cells from diabetic (six SCID recipients) and non‐diabetic NOD mice (seven SCID recipients) showed peri‐islet and perivascular infiltrates in their pancreas. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the islet engrafted cells were of CD4 and CD8 phenotype. Donor cells were also observed in the exocrine pancreas of some recipients. A majority of mice showed various degrees of lymphocytic aggregates in the perivascular regions of the liver but not in the kidney. Two of the five mice which received i.p. cells from Swiss mice also showed some perivascular and peri‐islet lymphocytes in the pancreas. Significant but variable levels of mouse Ig were detected in all SCID sera which received spleen cells. These results demonstrate that spleen cells when passively transferred from NOD mice engraft islets of SCID recipients and reconstitute the periphery. However, additional studies are required to improve the specificity of homing of diabetogenic lymphocytes into the islets of these immunodeficient mice.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1994.58

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2017

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryOvine IL‐8 (oIL‐8) cDNA was obtained by probing a spleen cell cDNA library with human IL‐8 (hIL‐8) cDNA. The oIL‐8 cDNA was 1434 base pairs long with a single open reading frame encoding a 101 amino acid precursor protein of relative molecular mass 11 268. The inferred amino acid sequence has 78, 82, 84 and 67% similarity with human, rabbit, porcine and guinea‐pig IL‐8, respectively. By analogy with the most prevalent form of hIL‐8, a 72 amino acid form of oIL‐8 was expressed as a fusion protein containing glutathione‐S‐transferase and purified by affinity chromatography on a glutathione‐Sepharose column yielding 8 mg IL‐8/L broth culture. The fusion protein lacked chemotactic activity for ovine neutrophils, whereas the 72 amino acid form of oIL‐8 was equipotent with rhIL‐8. At 6 and 24 h after intradermal injection of 10−1mol oIL‐8, there was intense accumulation of neutrophils, and very mild accumulation of eosinophils, CD5, CD4 and T19 (a σδ5 TCR subset) cells but not CD8 cells. The availability of roIL‐8 and its cDNA probes will permit the role of this important member of the IL‐8 family of chemotactic cytokines to be determined in inflammatory diseases of sheep.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1994.59

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2017

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe contribution of reactive oxygen species (ROS), in particular hydroxyl radical (OH ·), to joint inflammation was examined in rats developing adjuvant arthritis (AA) by treatment with ROS scavengers dimethylthiourea (DMTU) and DMSO. Adjuvant arthritis was induced in Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats by a single intradermal (i.d.) injection ofMycobacterium tuberculosis(MT) in oil on day 0. By day 14, all rats exhibited arthritis in the hindlimbs and the majority had involvement of the forelimbs. A marked inflammatory cell influx (75% neutrophils) was present in the synovial fluid. These cells,in vitro, spontaneously produced OH. (0.96±0.28 OH. units/h per 105cells). In contrast, spontaneous OH· production by normal circulating leucocytes was absent (0.07±0.03 OH· units/h per 105cells). Adjuvant‐injected rats were treated with DMTU (500, 250 and 100 mg/kg). DMSO (330 and 165 mg/kg) or saline (disease control) once daily on days 8, 9 and 10 and twice daily on days 11, 12 and 13 postadjuvant injection. Both DMTU and DMSO significantly reduced the clinical evidence of arthritis (clinical scores: DMTU [500 mg/kg] = 0.P<0.0001: DMSO [3.0 mL/kg] = 0.4±0.3,P<0.01, compared with disease control = 2.3±0.3). Synovial fluid cell accumulation was also significantly reduced (DMTU [500 mg/kg] = 0.5 ·0.1 × 105cells/four joints, P<0.0001; DMSO [3.0 mL/kg] 2.75 ± 1.9 × 105cells/four joints,P<0.01 compared with disease control = 11.76 ± 1.7 × 105cells/four joints). Neither treatment inhibited cutaneous delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) to the disease inducing antigen. Furthermore, DMTU (500 mg/kg) did not cause neutropenia nor inhibit peritoneal neutrophil accumulation in response to a chemotactic stimulus. This study demonstrates the attenuation of adjuvant arthritis by ROS scavengers and suggests a pivotal role for ROS, particularly OH·, in the mediation of joint inflammation in this disease.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1994.60

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2017

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryImmunological cross‐reactivity betweenMycobacterium bovisBCG stress protein (heat shock protein: HSP64) and Meth A tumour cells was analysed by using anti‐BCG HSP64 mAb whose recognition epitopes were characterized against BCG HSP64 peptides. By indirect immunofluorescence analysis (UFA), it was found that one of seven anti‐BCG HSP64 mAb, XVIIIGI, bound to the cell surface of Meth A in BALB/c mice. This result was further confirmed by western blot analysis, demonstrating the presence of a 64 kDa protein which reacted with mAb XVIIIGl that recognizes the 110–123 amino acid peptide of the BCG HSP64. Comparison of the amino acid sequence between the mouse HSP65 and BCG HSP64 recognized by mAb XVIIIGl revealed 50% amino acid sequence homology. It was concluded from these results that Meth A tumour cells continuously express the stress protein HSP64 as a kind of tumour‐associated antigen on the surface of tumour cells.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1994.61

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2017

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryWe have analysed the suppressive effect of cyclophosphamide. when givenin vivo, on the antibody response of BALB/c mice againstShigella dysenteriaeantigens using ELISA and immunoblot. Out of various protocols tried, it was found that co‐injection of cyclophosphamide at 150 mg/kg bodyweight, i.p., at the time of antigen administration and then after a lapse of 24 h during both primary and secondary immunizations, was the most effective in suppressing antibody response of mice. Analysis of sera by ELISA demonstrated the presence of some antibodies toS. dysenteriaeantigens after secondary immunization, but immunoblot analysis using the same sera revealed complete suppression of antibody response. Animals whose antibody response was almost completely suppressed after two immunizations with co‐injection of cyclophosphamide, when immunized again after the lapse of 14 days from the date of secondary immunization withShigellaantigens but without administration of cyclophosphamide, partially recovered their ability to respond to the same antigens. This protocol can now be used in mice to analyse the hierarchy of immunogenic epitopes present in a complex mixture of antigens.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1994.62

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2017

数据来源: WILEY