摘要:

SummaryGliadin sub‐fractions have been tested by intradermal injection in 19 adult patients with coeliac disease in remission and in 19 healthy adult controls. Fraction 3, obtained by SP Sephadex chromatography of a peptic‐tryptic digest of gliadin, produced strong reactions (areas of erythema greater than 1 cm2) in 13 of the patients.Weak or negative reactions to fraction 3 were produced in the remaining patients, including 2 patients who were currently on prednisolone therapy in addition to a gluten‐free diet. There was no correlation between time on a gluten‐free diet and severity of reaction in the patients not on prednisolone therapy. A strong reaction was observed with only one control and in the remaining controls all reactions were negative. Other fractions produced strong reactions in comparatively few patients. Skin tests using Fraction 3 could thus form part of the diagnosis for coeliac disease and could lead to a knowledge of the composition of the peptides which are important in the aetiology of this disease.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1982.38

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryRabbits have been immunized against the effects of the paralyzing toxin of the Australian paralysis tickIxodes holocyclusby injecting them with preparations extracted from tick salivary glands. Immunized rabbits were able to withstand doses of toxin known to kill unimmunized rabbits.Neutralizing antibodies were detectable in serum after 2–4 doses of the crude extract or of the relatively pure antigenic fraction. When injections were continued at intervals of from 2–7 weeks, hyperimmunity was retained for at least 68 weeks. Hyperimmune serum, reaching a very high titre of neutralizing antibodies, was obtained after 3–6 injections. Titres tended to decline when boosting ceased, but after a ‘rest period’ high titres were restored by further boosting with normally lethal doses of toxin. No symptoms of tick paralysis developed despite low titres prior to boosting. Thus, once hyperimmunity had been established, high titres of circulating antibodies were not immediately essential for immunity to tick paralysis.An IgG fraction was obtained from rabbit serum using a Protein A‐Sepharose method; 33.4 μg of IgG protein fully neutralized, and 19.5 μg IgG half neutralized, 1 μg of crude toxin protein. This procedure with rabbits may permit the production of a purified tick‐paralysis antitoxin more suitable for human use than the existing antitoxin based on canine hyperimmune serum.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1982.39

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryHaemolymph was collected from colonies ofBotrylloides leachiikilled at various times after injection with sheep or chicken erythrocytes and the agglutination titre for sheep, chicken and guinea‐pig erythrocytes was determined. Controls included haemolymph from groups of uninjected colonies and from others injected with balanced salt solution. Animals given a single injection of erythrocytes exhibited no change in titre until the second week when a marginal (2‐ to 4‐fold) but statistically significant rise in titre was detected using each of the 3 types of indicator erythrocytes. A return to control values was observed by 6 weeks. The response to a second injection of erythrocytes, given 6 weeks after the first, appeared to be identical in magnitude and time of onset to the primary response, i.e. there was no indication of an anamnestic response. The increased haemagglutinating activity apparent 2 weeks after each injection was attributable to a rise in the HA‐2 agglutinin specifically, since the activity of the HA‐1 agglutinin (a calcium‐dependent lectin which binds to guinea‐pig erythrocytes only) remained unchanged. The results are considered in relation to self: non‐self recognition in this species.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1982.40

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA hybrid cell line, 14A1, was produced that secretes antibodies reading with a monoclonal A/J anti‐p‐azobenzenearsonate (ABA) antibody. 7.1.3, previously shown to have all of the determinants of the cross‐reactive idiotype (CRI) defined by rabbit anti‐idiotype sera. 14A1 was detected using a sensitive assay that is specific for antibodies against idiotypic, but not allotypic nor isotypic, determinants. This was confirmed by demonstrating that 14A1 antibodies bind 7.1.3 but not other A/J monoclonal antibodies of the same class or CRI−monoclonal anti‐ABA antibodies. The idiotypic determinant recognized by 14A1 is located at or near the hapten‐binding site of 7.1.3, as ABA‐conjugated tyrosine is capable of blocking this interaction. Rabbit anti‐CRI antibodies are prevented from binding to 7.1.3 by the addition of 14A1, demonstrating the spatial proximity of the 14A1 idiotope with determinant(s) of the CRI. All A/J anti‐ABA antibodies that have the 14A1 idiotope are also CRI−, while anti‐ABA antibodies from other strains of mice do not express this idiotope. Furthermore, antibodies from A/J mice immunologically suppressed for the CRI also fail to interact with 14A1 antibodies. These results have implications both for the nature of the CRI and for the regulation of the immune response by anti‐idiotype antibodies.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1982.41

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA method is described for the isolation of ‘proislets’ from mouse foetal pancreas. Histologically, isolated proislets are composed of undifferentiated tissue which does not slain with aldehyde fuchsin. Following isotransplantation. proislets develop into well differentiated islets with β cell granulation. In addition, isografts consisting of proislets harvested from 8 foetal mouse pancreases have the functional capacity to reverse Streptozotocin‐induced diabetes. Proislets appear to represent foetal precursor islet tissue.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1982.42

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIsolated foetal mouse proislets are significantly less immunogenic than uncultured or 10‐day cultured foetal pancreas. In contrast to uncultured and 10‐day cultured foetal pancreas allografts which are acutely rejected, a proportion of proislet allografts show no evidence of rejection up to 12 weeks post‐transplantation.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1982.43

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1982.44

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe radioisotopic assay for acute granulomatous hypersensitivity (AGH) to eggs ofSchistosoma japonicumin mice sensitized with eggs in adjuvant has been examined in the high responder strain. C57BL/6. Responsiveness is expressed as the lung‐kidney ratio of radioactivity in mice challenged intravenously with eggs and injected with123I‐iododeoxyuridine, Eggs vary in their AGH sensitizing and eliciting potency; eggs proven to be superior in the circumoval precipitation (COP) test for detection of human serum anti‐S. japonicumantibodies are superior in the C57BL/6 AGH assay. CBA/H are non responders and BALB/c are low to intermediate responders and are thus different from C57BL/6 mice. Short‐term infected CBA/H mice are low COP antibody responders relative to infected C57BL/6 and titres of IgM anti‐egg antibodies are low in the CRA/H strain as determined in a solid‐phase radioimmunoassay (RIA). Following egg sensitization. CBA/H mice are also lower responders than C57BL/6 mice in terms of antibodies with the specificity of a COP‐positive IgM hybridoma‐derived antibody, P.41, measured in a competitive RIA. No evidence has been obtained that alteration of the response to the target epitope of P.41 alters the responsiveness of C57BL/6 mice toS. japonicumeggs. Thus, large amounts of injected P.41 antibody do not alter lung AGH and induced anti‐idiotype responses to the P.41 protein do not influence AGH in egg‐sensitized C57BL/6 mice. However, immunization of C57BL/6 mice with another IgM anti‐schistosome hybridoma antibody, 1.39, results in partial inhibition of lung AGH responsiveness. The nature of the effect of 1.39 immunization on AGH to eggs remains unknown, but further analysis of the phenomenon may lead to novel approaches to the control of granulomatous inflammatory disease in high responders.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1982.45

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryComparisons of restriction endonuclease profiles of DNA isolated from nine genital HSV‐2 strains isolated from 1973 to 1981 were, made using six restriction endonucleases (Bg1 II, Hind III, Xba 1, Eco RI, Bam HI and Hpa I). The only variation detected in the DNA profiles was found with Eco RI and Bam HI, and in each case all the isolates could he classified into two groups. The difference between the two Eco RI groups could be accounted for by the absence of an Eco RI cleavage site from the HSV DNA. However, if comparison of the profiles of Eco RI and Bam HI cleaved DNA of the individual HSV‐2 strains is made then this yields four different groups. The complete Bg1 II, Xba I, Eco RI and Hpa I restriction endonuclease maps for the DNA from one isolate (HSV‐2M1) are shown.Little variation in the DNA profiles can be found in local genital HSV‐2 strains isolated over a 9‐year period, when individual restriction enzymes are used. Thus, restriction endonuclease analysis has limited use in local epidemiological studies of genital HSV‐2 isolates unless a wide variety of restriction endonucleases are used. However, the technique offers rapid differentiation between HSV‐2 and HSV‐1 local strains by using Hpa I endonuclease cleavage of HSV DNA.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1982.46

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe common allele,GC*1, was subtyped intoGC*IFandGC*ISby isoelectric focusing, increasing the proportion of heterozygotes from 0.42 to 0.58. In a series of 200 blood donors and 200 cord bloods the allele frequencies were found to be:GC*IS= 0.59,GC*IF= 0.11,GC*2= 0.30; andGC*IS= 0.54,GC*IF= 0.16,GC*2= 0.30, respectively. These values were similar to frequencies obtained in studies of other Caucasian populations. The average probability of detecting non‐paternity for this population is increased from 17% to 30% after subtyping GC 1.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1982.47

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY