摘要:

SummaryRabbit anti‐mouse antilymphocyte sera and antilymphocyte globulin preparations went studied for their effects on (1) phagocytic activity of peritoneal and fixed macrophages and (2) morphology of reticuloendothelial organs. Antilymphocyte sera did nut adversely affect the ability of peritoneal macrophages to carry out phagocytosisin vivoorin vitro. One and 2 does of antilymphocyte sera given to mice depressed the rate of carbon clearance from the circulation; multiple doses of antilymphocyte sera stimulated the rate of carbon clearance and induced marked hepatosplenomegaly. The increased liver mass in serum‐treated mice was due mainly to hypertrophy although some antilymphocyte sera‐treated mice also exhibited an increase in the relative numbers of Kupffer cells. Splenic enlargement followed administration of unabsorbed antilymphocyte sera as well as antilymphocyte sera that had been absorbed with mouse erythrocytes and bone marrow cells. Histologically, these enlarged spleens showed marked lymphoid depletion and intense extramedullary haematopoiesis. The changes in phagocytic activity and morphology of reticuloendothelial organs observed in adult mice used in the present investigation closely parallel those which have been reported to occur in neonatally thymectomized mice. The results obtained thus tend to support the concept that antilymphocyte sera can confer a state of “immunothymectomy” when administered to adult animals, and, furthermore, are in accord with its principal mode of action.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1970.47

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe well defined antigens HL‐A1, ‐A2, ‐A3, ‐A5, ‐A7, ‐A8, ‐A9 and ‐A12 as well as the complex antigens 4a and 4b have been studied in 306 unrelated Individuals and 35 families all of Caucasian Australian extract.The results are compatible with the concept that the HL‐A system is made up of two segregant series of antigens, each series being multiallelic and closely linked. However, the HL‐A antigens from the two series appear to show associations within two groups. As well, each group appears to be associated with the complex antigens 4a and 4b. An alternative hypothesis for the genetic control of the HL‐A antigens is proposed, suggesting that 4a and 4b are precursor substances from which the HL‐A antigens are produced by gene action in a manner analogous to the ABO system in man.These findings imply that matching of unrelated individuals in organ transplantation will be difficult. However, if the hypothesis for the genetic control of HL‐A is valid then matching will be simplified, as it could be based on the precursor groups.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1970.48

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe hand vascular sensitivity to angiotensin is reduced in pregnant women as compared to non‐pregnant women. Since the hand vasculature retains a normal response to noradrenaline in pregnant women, this reduction in sensitivity to angiotensin is selective.Furthermore, the reduction in sensitivity to the pressor response to angiotensin seen in pregnant women must, in part, be due to a reduction in peripheral vascular sensitivity.Elevations in plasma renin activity, renin concentration and renin substrate level are associated with the reduction in sensitivity to angiotensin observed.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1970.49

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryNormal and splenectomized male albino rats were injected in the oral mucosa between the lower central incisor teeth with sheep erythrocytes twice weekly for three weeks. Specific cell immune competence was assayed in the areas of local injection, the draining lymph nodes and spleens by a modified Jerne plaque technique. Sera were analysed for haemagglutinins and haemolysins und the mercaptoethanol sensitivity of the immune responses tested. Results indicate that the spleen is primarily involved in 19S‐type antibody response, whereas the draining lymph nodes and/or the local injection site can account for the 7S response following local antigen stimulation. The spleen is not necessary for the production of immunocompetent cells in a local inflammatory site. The immunocompetent cells found in a local site of antigen stimulation must therefore be derived from lymph nodes or from a local cellular differentiation into antibody forming cells. These possibilities are discussed.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1970.50

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryNatural haemagglutinins for sheep, rabbit, guinea‐pig and human erythrocytes were present in serum and body mucus of catfish. No natural haemagglutinins for these erythrocytes were present in intestinal mucus secretions.Because of differences in heat stability, sensitivity to 2‐mercaptaethanol treatment and the results of absorption studies, it was suggested the mucus and serum haemagglutinins were probably different molecular species.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1970.51

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe histological changes in normal mammary glands of ewes during the period one month before and after lambing have been compared with the changes occurring in glands infused with antigen one month before lambing. Attention was focused on the changes in concentration and on the location of cells of the lymphocyte‐plasma cell and macrophage‐monocyte series.The most significant feature following antigen infusion was the striking appearance of pyroninophilic cells usually situated in areas adjacent to the glandular epithelium. Lymphocytes were also more numerous in infused than non‐infused glands until early lactation.Attempts were made to detect specific immunoglobulin‐producing cells in mainmary glands, certain other glandular tissues and in lymph nodes. When sections of infused mammary glands were stained with specific antisera conjugated with fluoresce in isothiocyanate numerous fluorescing cells were observed and their location correlated closely with that of the pyroninophilic cells seen in paraffin sections. The majority of the fluorescing cells were of IgA‐specificity with IgG1‐ and IgM‐specific cells present in lower concentrations. In the gastro‐intestinal tract fluorescing cells located in thelamina propriawere abundant and the majority were IgA‐specific. Numerous IgG1‐ and IgG2‐specific cells were present in the lymph nodes. Very few pyroninophilic or flourescing cells were seen in sections of the parotid salivary gland, uterus and vagina.The observations indicate that the majority of pyroninophilic cells in antigen stimulated mammary glands and in the gastro‐intestinal tract are IgA‐specific cells which are responsible for the local production of antibody.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1970.52

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryNo evidence could be obtained for specific collaboration between cells derived from thymus and bone marrow in the immune response of rats to sheep erythrocytes. Bone marrow cells did not enhance the ability of thoracic duct lymphocytes to restore immune responsiveness to sheep erythrocytes in irradiated rats. In comparison with thoracic duct lymphocytes, thymus cells were most inefficient as an immunologically restorative inoculum in this situation, and done marrow cells did not augment their performance. Bone marrow cells augmented the restorative capacity of spleen cells from immunized, irradiated donors, regardless of whether these had been injected previously with thymus or bone marrow cells. No evidence was forthcoming for the existence of a modified subpopulation of cells in the thoracic duct lymph of tolerant rats.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1970.53

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryFactors influencing thein vitroinitiation of an immune response to sheep erythrocytes on the part of rat thoracic duct lymphocytes have been studied. Immune responses, initiatedin vitro, were followed after transfer of the lymphocytes to irradiated hosts. Control experiments were performed to exclude the initiation of these immune responses by antigen transferred to the host. While lymphocytes were effectively stimulated as a result of incubation with antigen‐primed peritoneal cells, incubation with antigen alone failed to initiate a response. Initiation of an immune responsein vitrowas not observed if incubation of lymphocytes with antigen primed peritoneal cells was deferred for 6 hours after priming. Attempts to stimulate lymphocytes obtained from a thoracic duct fistula later than 12 hours after its establishment were also unsuccessful.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1970.54

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe noradrenaline content of portions of the sheep oviduct was determined by chemical analysis. The content was significantly higher in the isthmus than the ampulla (e.g. 1·05 v 0·20 μg./g. wet tissue). It is thought the isthmus may act as a sphincter and be important in the hesitant movement of the ovum through the oviduct.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1970.55

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY