摘要:

SUMMARYA simple and reproducible technique for the study of the production of antibodies by lymphoid tissues duringin vitroculture has been described.Cellular and extra‐cellular fluid titres were estimated by Boyden's tanned cell technique, and a sharp rise in the fluid antibody titre (up to 300‐fold) was observed during the first 18 to 24 hours of culture, while the cellular titre remained at a low constant level. The results of this study suggest that antibody‐producing cells store little or no classical antibody.The presence of chloramphenicol in the culture medium inhibited antibody production, while production was not specifically inhibited by ribonuclease. In addition, antibody production was inhibited by the absence of Ca++ from the culture medium and this effect was reversed when Ca++ was restored in physiological concentration.Attempts to stimulate antigenically spleen and popliteal node tissues duringin vitrocultures were not successful.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1960.39

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYAntigenically stimulated spleen cells from C3H and C57Bl mice have been transferred to isologous and homologous recipients and both the immediate appearance of antibody and the response to a challenge injection of antigen 11–12 weeks later have been studied.Antibody can be detected as early as two days after isologous transfer of C57Bl cells, but none appears after homologous transfer. Isologous transfer of C3H cells gives much less evidence of early response showing either a delay up to six days before first appearance or failing completely.Following late challenge mice that received isologous cells responded with typical secondary response in the great majority. No secondary type responses were obtained with homologous combinations.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1960.40

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYSurvival rates after storage at −65°C. for periods ranging from 1‐9 months are given for 15 established cell lines of epithelial appearance from a wide variety of sources. Recently isolated epithelial cells from monkey kidney and human amnion tissue and fibroblast‐like cells recently isolated from cervical biopsies have also shown suitable survival rates on storage at −65°C. All cultured cells are still viable after nine mouths, although a variation in recovery rate is shown from cell type to cell type. Freshly isolated monkey kidney and human amnion cells which have not been cultured fail to survive in significant numbers when stored at −65°C. The number of cells surviving is dependent on the concentration of cells stored and on the rate of thawing.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1960.41

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYIn an investigation of the transfer of proteins and lipids across the capillary membrane in the rabbit, only small volumes of lymph were often available. This necessitated the use of a method for determining the several protein fractions in lymph which involved the use of such small volumes. Total protein was determined by kjeldahl digestion and nesslerization, and the protein fractions by paper electrophoresis.The various steps in the procedure of electrophoresis were standardized and the dye‐binding capacities of the globulin fractions were determined in relation to albumin. All the globulin fractions were shown to bind less dye, bromophenol blue, than albumin and the areas of the dye curves were multiplied by the following factors in relation to albumin as unity:γ‐globulin and fibrinogen, 1·76;β‐globulin 1·40,α‐globulin 1·50 and total globulin 1·56. The accuracy of the method for the determination of the levels of these fractions in the plasma and lymph of normal and hypercholesterolaemic rabbits is discussed.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1960.42

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYHepatic lymph was collected from an efferent vessel of the hepatic lymph node in two groups of rabbits, one living on a normal diet and one on a diet to which cholesterol was added.The average flow of lymph in the normal group was 0·7 ml./hr., and much greater, up to 30 ml./hr., in the hypercholesterolaemic animals.The average albumin level in the lymph of the normal rabbit was 96 p.c. and the globulin 74 p.c. of that in the plasma. In the hypercholesterolaemic group these values were slightly less, 88 and 70 p.c. respectively. Each of the globulin fractions,α, βandγ, varied only slightly from the mean globulin level.The cholesterol and phospholipid plasma : lymph gradients in the normal animals were much the same as forαandβglobulin, but in the hypercholesterolaemic group these gradients were much greater. This was in agreement with the findings that the increased lipid levels in the plasma of the hypercholesterolaemic rabbit were due mainly to larger, less dense complexes with a high cholesterol : phospholipid ratio.The significance of these findings with regard to the permeability of the hepatic sinusoids and the production of lymph is discussed.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1960.43

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYPassive raising of the legs and trunk elevated forearm blood flow, before, during and after rhythmic and sub‐maximal sustained contraction of human forearm muscle.The magnitude and rate of decline of post‐exercise hyperaemia in the forearm was unaffected by the increase in muscle blood flow produced by passive raising of the legs and trunk.This finding suggests that either the metabolites responsible for post‐exercise hyperaemia are removed by a mechanism independent of the total volume of blood flowing, or that passive raising of the legs and trunk increases blood flow through channels not concerned with the transfer of metabolites formed during exercise.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1960.44

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe paper describes a simple and inexpensive apparatus for the measurement of pH at 38° using only 0·15 to 0·2 ml. of blood. The electrode bulb nearly fills the bore of the electrode vessel. There is a wick junction but no tap between the 3·5 M KCl calomel half‐cell and the electrode vessel. This last is filled and emptied with bent capillary pipettes. The bath contains kerosene heated with a bare coil which receives 2 amp. at 12 volts. It is controlled with a small mercury‐in‐glass regulator and a relay.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1960.45

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYSerological studies of 62 patients with clinical dengue in the 1953–55 epidemic in North Queensland demonstrated the diagnostic value of the haemagglutination‐inhibition test against Murray Valley encephalitis antigen. Two distinct patterns of response to complement‐fixation, haemagglutination‐inhibition, and neutralization tests were demonstrated, and are considered to represent first and second infections with dengue.The age distribution of antibodies suggested that about 40 p.c. of the non‐immune population of Brisbane were infected in the 1942–44 epidemic of dengue. No evidence was found of more recent dengue infection in Brisbane, but one patient from Cooktown had evidence of dengue infection between 1947 and 1953, when no epidemic was recognized.Neutralization tests demonstrated that the human immunity pattern to group B arthropodborne viruses at Brisbane, Townsville, Innisfail, the Atherton Tableland and Lockhart River Mission was due to infection with dengue, and not with MVE. However, evidence of MVE infection at Townsville since 1956 was found in fowl sera. Sera from Coen and Wrotham Park showed evidence of infection with MVE, and not with dengue.Evidence is presented that the 1925–26 and 1953–55 epidemics of dengue in Queensland were due to dengue type 1, and the 1942–44 epidemic predominantly to dengue type 2, but with some cases due to dengue 1. It was necessary to use suckling mice to determine neutralization indices in order to obtain a type‐specific response.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1960.46

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThree cases of thalassemia major in whom splenectomy had not been performed were found to be excreting large amounts of β‐amino‐isobutyric acid (BAIB).Two cases of thalassemia major in whom splenectomy had been performed were found to be excreting much smaller amounts of this amino‐acid.The possible significance of BAIB in thalassemia major is briefly considered.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1960.47

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYNeutralizing antibodies to the Innisfail strain of EMC virus were present at significant levels, in one of 337 human sera collected in Queensland, and in one of 48 from Papua.Antibodies were also present, in Queensland, in 22 p.c. of water‐rats,Hydromys chrysogaster; in 5–10 p.c. of rats,Rattus rattus, R. norvegicus, R. sordidus conatusandMelomys lutillus littoralis; in 2 p.c. of bandicoots,Isoodon macrourus; and in one of 44 horses. A series of mice, cats, dogs and kangaroos examined was negative.

ISSN:0004-945X    

DOI:10.1038/icb.1960.48

出版商:Nature Publishing Group    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY