摘要:

Alzheimer's disease is a common dementia of later life for which no effective treatments are yet available. Aluminum has been implicated in the patho-physiology of Alzheimer's disease, and interventions aimed at preventing aluminum neurotoxicity and clinical deterioration have been proposed. Carefully designed protocols are needed to test the efficacy of antialuminum drugs. Such protocols will need to be quite different from those used to test symptomatic treatments for Alzheimer's disease patients. A number of research design problems are discussed with regard to testing antialuminum drugs in humans.

ISSN:0362-5664    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0362-5664    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0362-5664    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Several short-term trials of baclofen for tardive dyskinesia have yielded conflicting results. We evaluated 33 patients maintained on a constant dose of neuroleptic during a randomized 6-week double-blind placebo-controlled trial, followed by a 6-week open-label trial. During the double-blind part, 67% of baclofen-treated patients and 47% of placebo-treated patients showed a reduction of 25% or more in their original dyskinesia score on the abnormal involuntary movement scale. In the open-labeled part, we further evaluated seven of nine baclofen responders and nine of nine placebo nonresponders. We found a 77% baclofen response rate for the original placebo nonresponders, a loss of efficacy in 23% of the original baclofen responders, and an attenuation of response in others. Patients with major depressive disorders were poorer responders to baclofen than those with schizophrenia. Side effects were infrequent and reversible, but dose limiting in several instances. Although baclofen may help some cases of mild tardive dyskinesia, its efficacy may attenuate with long-term administration.

ISSN:0362-5664    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Clinical and experimental evidence suggests that alphamethylparatyrosine (AMPT), an inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase, can potentiate the effects of other dopamine antagonists. We therefore treated patients having various forms of dystonia and chorea with tetrabenazine (TBZ), and then added AMPT to determine if further improvement could be obtained. Side effects of both drugs were common, and they often necessitated withdrawal of the drug. Patients with Huntington's chorea and tardive dyskinesia were improved by TBZ. They obtained additional benefit from the combination of AMPT and TBZ. The results in the dystonia patients were disappointing with both drugs. Although a small number of patients did improve, and short-and long-term remissions occurred in a few, most patients with dystonia were not benefited by either drug.

ISSN:0362-5664    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Twelve-hour urinary excretion of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid (VMA), homovanillic acid (HVA), and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) was studied in 20 premature infants, 8 without apnea and 12 with apnea. All infants were studied at 1–3 days of postnatal age (before apnea). Nonapneic infants were restudied at 10–15 days of postnatal age. Apneic infants were also restudied 24 h after apnea. Apnea was not associated with decreased urinary excretion of VMA and MHPG. Only HVA, when expressed as μg/kg body weight, was significantly lower after the onset of apnea. This difference disappeared when HVA was expressed as μ g/mg creatinine. We suggest that apnea of prematurity may not be related to the immaturity of catecholamine pathways.

ISSN:0362-5664    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Exposure of neuroblastoma × glioma hybrid cells to LiCl (Li+) for 48h significantly reduces prostaglandin E1(PGE1)-dependent cyclic adenosine mono-phosphate (AMP) accumulation. When applied simultaneously with morphine for the same period, Li+inhibits the excessive accumulation of cyclic AMP in response to PGE1characteristically exhibited by these cells upon opiate withdrawal. Likewise. Li+inhibits, in vitro, PGE1-dependent cyclic AMP accumulation in tissue slices from rat corpus striatum. Prophylactic administration of Li+in the diet attenuates the withdrawal symptoms in morphine-addicted rats. These findings support clinical reports that suggest that prophylactic treatment with Li+attenuates the severity of the opiate withdrawal syndrome.

ISSN:0362-5664    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0362-5664    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID