摘要:

SummaryDrugs of many classes have been implicated in hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke. Alcohol in moderation may have a protective effect although in greater doses may predispose to stroke. Drugs such as cocaine, amphetamines and heroin have been associated with stroke by a number of mechanisms. Antiplatelet, anticoagulant and thrombolytic therapy carry risk of hemorrhagic complications. Oral contraceptives appear to slightly increase stroke risk whereas estrogen replacement therapy may decrease it. Anabolic steroid use in athletes has been linked to stroke. The antineoplastic agent L-aspara-ginase has been associated with cerebral hemorrhage, ischemic infarction and venous sinus thrombosis. Infarction has been reported in association with cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy. Stroke is an infrequent but recognized complication of some forms of drug therapy and drug abuse.

ISSN:0362-5664    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SummaryDystonia refers to involuntary, prolonged muscle contractions leading to sustained, often twisting, postures. High dose anticholinergic therapy for childhood onset dystonia, botulinum toxin injections for focal dystonia, and levodopa for diurnal dystonia provide symptomatic relief for some patients. Despite this, treatment of both idiopathic and secondary dystonia remains inadequate for many patients. Baclofen, a pre-synaptic acting GABA agonist, has been reported to benefit dystonia in a number of retrospective studies. Dramatic improvement in symptoms, especially in gait, was found in almost 30% of 31 children and adolescents with idiopathic dystonia in one retrospective study using doses ranging from 40 to 180 mg daily. The response to baclofen of adults with focal dystonia is less dramatic. One series of 60 adults with cranial dystonia found sustained benefit in 18%. Smaller series have not consistently found significant benefit in adults. Baclofen has been used to treat several secondary dystonias: tardive dystonia has occasionally been reported to improve and there are isolated reports of improvement in dystonia occurring in Parkinson's disease and in glutaric aciduria.

ISSN:0362-5664    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SummaryDihydroergotamine has been one of the main drugs used in the treatment of migraine for >40 years. The recent introduction of the more selective 5-HT antagonist sumatriptan will challenge the place of dihydroergotamine in migraine therapy and indicates the need to review the evidence for the use of dihydroergotamine. Although there is little evidence from double-blind clinical trials, dihydroergotamine does appear to be effective in the treatment of acute attacks and in the prevention of migraine. Its place in treatment is in cases where simple analgesics alone or in combination with other agents fail to provide relief. Further studies are necessary to compare dihydroergotamine with sumatriptan for acute migraine and with p-blockers in prophylaxis to determine its future role in migraine therapy.

ISSN:0362-5664    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SummaryI present evidence that certain health professionals have a higher liability to drug abuse than does the general population. In view of this, data are presented in which the extremely limited contribution of nitrous oxide to this problem is assessed. I demonstrate on the basis of the limited published data now available that pure nitrous oxide addiction is very rare among health professionals, being the rarest drug of abuse among them. When used by the latter, it is most commonly part of a polydrug abuse pattern, not being a major component of the addiction in these cases. It is clear that nitrous oxide addiction is even less of a problem in the general population. Furthermore, after almost 200 years of use, its very minor addictive potential should by now have clarified itself. It would appear that it is unlikely to become, has never been, nor is it the moment of any real significance as a drug of abuse when compared with the many currently available addictive drugs, which clearly pose a much more serious problem.

ISSN:0362-5664    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SummaryThe role of D1receptors in motor control is poorly understood. In parkinsonian squirrel monkeys, the full D1agonist C-APB (SKF 82958; 0.1–0.4 mg/kg s.c.) caused weak stimulation of locomotor activity. However, the motor stimulant effects of the D2agonist ( + )-PHNO (0.001 mg/kg s.c.) were not potentiated by C-APB (0.3 mg/kg). Differences between these observations and expectations from experiments using rodents are discussed.

ISSN:0362-5664    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SummaryThis study was performed to examine the effect of naloxone on drinking behavior in a schizophrenic inpatient with psychosis, intermittent hyponatremia, and polydipsia (PIP syndrome). His body weight was checked five times daily, and the maximum and minimum weight gains during a day were chosen as an index of polydipsia. Both daily (0.6 mg) and repeated (0.6 mg for 6 days) injections of naloxone suppressed his weight gain significantly for 2 weeks. Withdrawal of the drug for 4 weeks resulted in weight gain recovering to control level. Thereafter, a second trial was performed to examine the long-term effect of this treatment. A daily naloxone (0.6 mg) injection series was performed once every 2 weeks for six series (12 weeks). This drug regimen also suppressed his weight gain in a continuous fashion. The study showed that naloxone seems to be a potential treatment for PIP syndrome and that endogenous opioid systems play a part in the compulsive drinking behavior of the PIP syndrome.

ISSN:0362-5664    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SummaryFour cases of respiratory dyskinesia were investigated by using a spirograph before and after biperiden injection. The abnormal respiratory patterns in four cases appeared to be in two types and these abnormalities were abolished after biperiden injection. The present study showed that respiratory dyskinesia could be defined more clearly by using a spirograph and these results are useful for the diagnosis of patients with respiratory discomfort while undergoing neuroleptic drug treatment.

ISSN:0362-5664    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SummaryA patient with Alzheimer's disease and mild features of parkinsonism was treated with tacrine. Tremor and gait dysfunction worsened but responded to the addition of levodopa without adversely affecting cognitive function. The implications for experimental treatment strategies of patients with combined Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease are discussed.

ISSN:0362-5664    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID