摘要:

Ocular signs and symptoms may be the initial signs of systemic or limited Wegener's granulomatosis. The diagnosis is difficult to make on ophthalmic manifestations alone, because clinical and histo-pathological markers are not specific enough. By means of the cANCA serum test it is possible to make the diagnosis in an early stage and to prevent more disastrous complications. The relation of cANCA titre and the clinical and histopathological findings of five patients with an acute or chronic Wegener's granulomatosis are discussed.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713689008999421

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In 1980 Ryan and Maumenee described a new clinical entity characterized by hypopigmented spots in a typical patterned distribution in association with vitritis and retinal vasculopathy leading to cystoid macular oedema and papilloedema. In a recent study of a large group of European patients (n=102) with birdshot retinochoroidopathy, the importance of the different clinical manifestations and their diagnostic value were assessed. Data on HLA-A29 typing were obtained in 49 patients with birdshot retinochoroidopathy. We could confirm the high association between HLA-A29 and this disease, as found by Nussenblatt in 1982. In 47 of these patients (95.5%) the HLA-A29 antigen was present. This association is presently the highest HLA class I disease association reported with a relative risk of 224.35.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713689008999422

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Autoimmune diseases are subsequent to tissue damage mediated by an immune reaction directed toward autoantigens. Activation of CD4+ T cells reactive to carrier determinants on foreign antigenic complexes or autoreactive CD4+ T cells are central to the triggering of immune effector mechanisms. Transfer experiments in animals, demonstration of suppressor T cells, study of antigen-presenting cells–CD4+ T cells interaction, isolation of T cell clones and study of transgenic mice have recently brought new insight into the understanding of autoimmunity.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713689008999423

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Uveitis is a term which encompasses many clinical syndromes which would appear to be discrete entities. Both clinically and experimentally, the separation of uveitis affecting only the anterior segment from that affecting the posterior segment has a sound pathogenetic basis. However, clear distinctions among the various forms of endogenous posterior uveitis are more difficult to maintain in the light of evidence from experimental models of autoimmune uveitis (EAU). EAU can be induced by a variety of retinal antigens and each antigen has been shown to induce somewhat different forms of EAU, depending on such factors as dose of antigen, species and strains of animal model, and the type(s) of adjuvant used. However, within each model a similar spectrum of uveoretinal responses can be induced by each antigen suggesting that the pathogenetic mechanisms are probably similar also. In addition, if these models are analogous to human disease, then each clinical entity within this apparently heterogeneous group of clinical posterior uveitis syndromes may represent one aspect of a general organ-specific uveoretinal response to autoantigens.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713689008999424

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Autoimmune reactions against retinal antigens have been suggested to play an important role in clinical uveitis in man. As yet the evidence for this assertion is very weak. Sympathetic Ophthalmia is a disease entity which comes closest to acceptance as an autoimmune disease although the autoantigen involved has not been identified. Both cellular and humoral autoreactivity against retinal antigens have been found both in uveitis patients as well as in healthy controls. Very high levels of retinal antibodies were found in onchocerciasis patients but no relation was observed with the occurrence of chorioretinitis.Differences were observed when testing patient sera against human or bovine retinal antigens (S-antigen or IRBP) emphasizing the need for using human tissue when investigating autoimmune responses.Circumstantial evidence in favor of an autoimmune etiology of uveitis include the morphology of the inflammatory infiltrate, effect of immuno-suppressive therapy and especially the establishment of experimental animal models. The experimental models of S-antigen or IRBP induced uveitis are primarily T cell mediated and also show pineal gland involvement. As yet no“established”human autoimmune disease has been described with a dominant role for T cells. Furthermore there is no evidence for pineal gland involvement in clinical uveitis. Analysis of the specificity of the T cell infiltrate or deposited immunoglobulins obtained from the diseased tissues may provide conclusive evidence for a possible autoimmune character of certain clinical uveitis entities.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713689008999425

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Ten patients with birdshot retinochoroidopathy, six with isolated retinal vasculitis and eight with Behçet's disease were treated with cyclosporine for one to three years. Autoantibodies to several retinal proteins, circulating lymphocyte subsets and cellular reactivity to S-antigen were evaluated repeatedly during this period. Autoantibody titers were similar in patients and in controls. However the serum content of antibodies to IRBP or S-antigen was lessened during inflammatory periods in some patients. In some sera, antibodies reacted with enzyme digested S-antigen preparations by immunoblot, whereas the same sera were negative for the native protein. A decrease of the CD4+ subpopulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes was associated with relapses of ocular inflammation in birdshot retinochoroidopathy. In this disease and in idiopathic retinal vasculitis, the positive lymphocyte stimulation test and basophil degranulation test with S-antigen were significantly most frequent in the period preceding a relapse of ocular inflammation. These tests could therefore be of predictive value for relapses occurring within the next few months.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713689008999426

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Human interstitial retinoid-binding protein (HIRBP) is a 136 kDa retinal protein capable of inducing experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) and experimental autoimmune pinealitis (EAP) in Lewis (LEW) rats. In order to identify the T-cell recognition sites of HIRBP responsible for uveitogenic and proliferative responses, 125 overlapping peptides corresponding to its entire 1262 amino acid sequence were synthesized. Individual peptides were tested for their ability to induce EAU in LEW rats and to stimulate lymphocyte proliferation in rats immunized with the native molecule. Our previous results showed the presence of nine uveitogenic peptides in HIRBP with a minimum requirement of eight amino acids needed to induce EAU in LEW rats. Our present studies show nine proliferative peptides, four of which are also responsible for uveitogenicity. Another four peptides known to actively induce EAU were unable to elicit proliferative responses. However, these peptides overlapped or were adjacent to peptides that elicited good proliferative responses. A single, highly proliferative peptide was located on the amino terminus of HIRBP. In addition, EAU was adoptively transferred with lymph node cells (LNC) of LEW rats previously immunized with two synthetic peptides known to be uveitogenic. Our study indicates that human IRBP is a complex molecule containing multiple and spatially distinct T-cell epitopes responsible for its uveitogenicity, adoptive transfer of EAU and proliferative responses.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713689008999427

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

To obtain insight into the glycoprotein nature of S-antigen (S-Ag), we have investigated the affinity of bovineS-Ag for plant lectins, location of the sugar moiety within the molecule, and incorporation of radiolabelled mannose and glucosamine into S-Ag. It was found (i) that only about 10% of purified S-Ag was bound to concanavalin A (Con A) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) columns, (ii) that both concanavalin A and wheat germ agglutinin bound chymotryptic peptides derived from the C-terminal half of S-Ag, and (iii) that radiolabelled D-mannose and D-glucosamine were incorporated into S-Ag and the incorporation was inhibited by tunicamycin, an N-glycosylation inhibitor.14C-Mannose-labelled S-Ag was identified by affinity chromatography on an anti-S-Ag antibody column. These results support the supposition that only a small population of S-Ag is glycosylated (probably in N glycosylated form), and the sugar moiety is located in the C-terminal half of the molecule.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713689008999428

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

We have examined the T cell specificity of a Lewis rat T cell line (R208) specific for a pathogenic, 123 residue cyanogen bromide produced peptide of bovine S-antigen by using two independent sets of overlapping synthetic peptides representing the entire length of the 123 residue fragment. S-antigen, a 48 kDa immunopathogenic photoreceptor cell autoantigen induces T cell mediated experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) in experimental animals. Extensive analyses revealed a heterogenous response by the R208 line to the panel of synthetic peptides, proliferating weakly to 4 distinct sites. Unexpectedly, peptides representing sequences (residues 286–297 and 303–320 of bovine S-antigen) known to actively induce the autoimmune pathology were unable to significantly stimulate the R208 line as assessed by proliferation assays. Similarly, attempts to isolate T cells specific for these sequences from the R208 line have proven unsuccessful. However, two sequences, residues 253–269 and 273–289, sufficiently stimulated R208 cells to allow isolation of sub-lines, R208:26 and R208:28, respectively. Neither of these peptides actively induce an autoimmune response. R208:26 does not transfer EAU and R208:28 transfers moderate EAU. As a control, we are able to isolate a pathogenic T cell line (R502) specific for the actively pathogenic sequence, residues 303–320, when this peptide is used as the immunogen. However, the R502 line proliferates to peptides (e.g. 305–322) which do not contain residues 303 and 304 which are critical for the active induction of disease. These results show a multiplicity of distinct T cell epitopes within a relatively small region of S-antigen. Furthermore, there appears to be a dissociation between proliferative sites and pathogenic sites. A partial amino acid sequence (through the 123 residue region) of rat retinal S-antigen predicted from cDNA clone RT.A11 is also reported to show sequence disparities in the region.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713689008999429

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Endotoxin-Induced Uveitis (EIU) was produced in Lewis rats by footpad injection of Salmonella endotoxin. Protein and cells were measured both in the aqueous humor and in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in order to examine if the inflammation was strictly limited to the anterior uvea. EIU was also induced in Fischer and Brown Norway rats and the inflammation was compared among the three strains. Although the function and structure of the choroid plexus is very similar to the ciliary body, no signs of inflammation were seen in the choroid plexus and the CSF. Among the 3 tested strains of rats, EIU was maximal in Lewis rats, less severe in Fischer rats and least pronounced in Brown Norway rats. It is thought that because of its specific microvascular structure, the ciliary body is specially prone to endotoxin induced inflammation. The amount of inflammation however depends on the genetic background of the animal.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713689008999430

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor