摘要:

Inflammatory mediators such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) are known to induce the expression of class IIHLA (HLA-DR) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) in a variety of cell types including epithelial cells. The coexpression of ICAM-1 and HLA-DR has been implicated in the pathogenesis of immune mediated ocular disease. We investigated the expression of ICAM-1 on the ocular surface of the rat eye following subconjunctival administration of IFN-γ. A dose response study was performed using 100, 1,000 and 10,000 IU IFN-γ/dose. The presence of ICAM-1 was determined using a standard immuno-peroxidase staining technique. The cornea, limbus, and conjunctiva were evaluated. The degree of reaction product in each area was graded by a masked observer. We found constitutive expression of ICAM-1 on the conjunctiva but not on the cornea. There was a significant relationship between the dose of IFN-γand the intensity of ICAM-1 staining on the conjunctiva (p⩽0.05) and on the limbus (p⩽0.04). Subconjunctival IFN-γhad no effect on the expression of ICAM-1 in the cornea.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713689608997414

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Interleukin 4 (IL-4) may play a role in the development of allergic disease. We questioned whether IL-4 related phenomenon occurred on the surface of the conjunctiva during allergic conjunctivitis. Ten patients with cedar pollen-allergic conjunctivitis and 10 patients with postsurgical conjunctivitis were enrolled in this study. Cells were collected by brush cytology from the upper palpebral conjunctiva. After the cells were cultured for 24 hours, the levels of IL-4, IgE, and histamine were measured in the supernatants. An ELISA was used for histamine and a highly sensitive sandwich ELISA for IL-4 and IgE. Conjunctival cells were also stained and fixed by May-Grunwaids stain solution. The number of superficial cells, especially lymphocytes, were compared in the two groups. The total number of cells collected by brush cytology did not differ in allergic vs., postsurgical conjunctivitis. Lymphocytes were similarly present in such specimens. The levels of IL-4 (p = 0.01) and histamine (p = 0.02) significantly increased in the specimens from patients with allergic conjunctivitis, although IgE was not detected in both groups. There was a correlation between the level of IL-4 and histamine (p = 0.0001). Conjunctival cells in allergic conjunctivitis produced a larger amount of IL-4 and histamine for cedar pollen compared to the postsurgical conjunctivitis. As with other allergic diseases, IL-4 may play a role similar to that of histamine in the development of allergic conjunctivitis.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713689608997415

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Complexes containingα-crystallin were isolated from crosslinked lens extract using an affinity column constructed with monoclonal antibodies specific forα-crystallin. The affinity-purified protein was compared withα-crystallins before and after crosslinking. Electron microscopy revealed sheet-like structures in the cross-linked protein from the lens extract compared with spherical structures for the others. Studies on the amino acid composition, tryptophan microenvironments and the interaction with a monoclonal antibody revealed that the complexes consist almost entirely ofα-crystallin. These results indicate that under certain conditions,α-crystallin subunits can adopt a sheet-like form.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713689608997416

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The present study evaluated the influence of beta-carotene supplementation on the susceptibility of the retina to light damage. Long-Evans pigmented rats were supplemented with beta-carotene by either dietary or intraperitoneal administration, and beta-carotene levels in plasma, liver and retina were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Other animals from each group were exposed to ultraviolet-A light at a dose of 8.1 J/cm2in their right eye only, and photoreceptor cell losses determined by light microscopic morphometry. In supplemented animals, beta-carotene levels increased markedly in the liver, and were elevated from non-detectable to detectable in the plasma and retina, relative to nonsupplemented controls. In each tissue, beta-carotene levels were found to be higher in animals receiving intraperitoneal supplementation as compared to dietary. Beta-carotene supplementation by either route did not protect the retina against photoreceptor cell loss measured at two weeks following UVA exposure. Preliminary observations indicated that beta-carotene supplementation decreased the incidence of light-induced retinal pigment epithelium destruction.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713689608997417

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

We determined the relative minimal inhibitory and minimal amoebicidal concentrations of chlorhexidine digluconate and polyhexamethylene biguanide for four species ofAcanthamoeba.The amoebae were grown in peptone-glucose-yeast extract broth for 72 h in tissue culture flasks. Either washed trophozoites (∼105) or cysts (∼105) were incubated in the enrichment broth in 96 well microtiter trays. Antimicrobial concentrations of the biguanides were determined from microscopic examinations of methylene blue uptake and from subcultures. In general, killing was time dependent. Minimal amoebicidal concentrations at 24 h ranged from 50 to 100 mg/ml and to as low as 25 mg/ml by 72 h. Trophozoites were killed more rapidly than cysts. Both biguanides had similar levels of activity. A synergistic combination of chlorhexidine and polyhexamethylene biguanide (total concentration 25 mg/ml) was most evident forA. castellaniiandA. polyphaga.Cysts ofA. culbertsoniandA. hatchettistained more rapidly after exposure to the combination of biguanides than to the single biguanides, but there were no statistically significant differences in the final numbers of dead or stained cysts after exposure to the combination or to the single biguanides.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713689608997418

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor