摘要:

Virus-specific, early appearing neutralizing activities (ENA) and interferon (IFN) were detected in tears collected from patients during epidemics of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC). In one study, ENA that neutralized enterovirus type 70 (EV70) was detected in tears collected from 114 of 130 AHC patients in Florida. In another study, ENA against coxsackievirus type A24 (CA24) was detected in tears collected from 39 of 57 patients in Singapore with AHC caused by CA24. No tear samples contained ENAs to both EV70 and CA24. Tear samples from uninfected eyes did not contain ENA to EV70 or CA24. ENA to EV70 was detected in 6 of 11 patients l-6h before the onset of AHC. In addition, tears of 68% of patients seen on the day of onset produced tears that contained ENA to EV70. Thus, ENA to EV70 may be detected less than 24h after infection (based on 24h incubation period). IFNβwas detected in 30% of tear samples collected from patients on the day of onset of AHC caused by EV70. This finding suggested that ENA and IFN could act together to inhibit primary infections of AHC. It was found that the combination of ENA and IFN inhibited virus replication synergistically (≥300 fold reduction) in preinfected cells. Our findings suggest that ENA represents a previously unreported early defense mechanism of the eye, that endogenous ENA and endogenous IFN could inhibit viruses synergistically in vivo, and that ENA in tears could be useful in identifying the agent causing AHC.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688509000855

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The study of experimental fungal infections requires effective animal models. Two such models in the rabbit model have been developed and applied to various aspects of topical antifungal therapy. In these models, the polyenes, as a class, are superior in efficacy to the imidazoles and flucytosine, but efficacy is clearly strain-related. Corticosteroids, when administered concomitantly with antifungal agents, adversely influence antifungal activityin vivo. This steroid effect is inversely proportional to the efficacy of the antifungal agent. The corneal epithelium appears to be a significant barrier to the penetration of the polyene antibiotics. Although the predictive power ofin vitrosusceptibility testing as a guide toin vivoefficacy is uncertain, a correlation was seen between thein vivoand in vitro effect for amphotericin B against three strains ofCandida albicans.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688509000856

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Human retinal epithelial cells dividing in culture have been radiolabelled with tritiated thymidine and subsequently transplanted and identified on Bruch's membrane of owl monkey by autoradiography. Such cells have been followed from 2 hours to 7 days after transplantation. The transplant cells reattach within 2 hours to the basement membrane left on Bruch's membrane after the host epithelial cells have been removed by suction after trypsinization. Within 6 to 24 hours they form a layer on Bruch's membrane with junctional complexes between cells and an apical-basal polarity characteristic of such cells in culture or after retinal detachment. After 2 to 7 days multilayers form by continued mitosis but no transplant cells invade the choroid as long as Bruch membrane is intact. Within this time macrophages begin to appear in the choriocapillaris under the transplant. These cells migrate through Bruch's membrane and between the transplant cells but have not been seen phagocytizing transplant cells. Reattachment of the neural retina to the transplant layer has not been attempted but seems technically possible.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688509000857

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

To investigate the actions of drugs and hormones which influence intraocular pressure (IOP), we have been measuring receptor binding characteristics and dose-response effects using individual target cells from the anterior segment. Similar methods have also permitted us to develop sensitive radio-receptor assays for glucocorticoids and beta adrenergic antagonists. These methods provide a means to obtain new and potentially useful information regarding the efficacy and specificity of ocular drug therapy.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688509000858

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The significance of prostaglandins and other eicosanoids in normal ocular physiology and in ocular disease is not well understood. We have utilized cultured human trabecular cells and anin vivomodel of laser-induced inflammation in the rabbit eye to gain information concerning eicosa-noid biosynthesis and its regulation in the anterior segment. Further investigations using these experimental paradigms should help to elucidate the physiologic and pathophysiologic roles of eicosanoids in the eye.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688509000859

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Cataract prevention, delay, or reversal requiresin vivodetection of lens changes that initiate the opacification process. The determination of lenticular biochemistry by a noninvasive methodology would represent a major step in thein vivoassessment of lens normalcy. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy appears to be a promising noninvasive technique to meet this goal. However, the correlation of lenticular“invasive”morphological and physiological data with NMR spectroscopic data in organ culture is necessary for establishing the validity of NMR spectral measurements as an index of lens functional integrity.The implementation of lenticular NMR spectroscopic studies will provide quantitative information such as intralenticular pH, Na+and K ion distributions, lenticular levels of phosphorus-containing metabolites, glycolytic pathway intermediates and the end product lactate, sorbitol pathway activity, and possibly reduced glutathione levels. Development in surface coil NMR spectroscopy which enables the spatial localization of tissue metabolites and advances in the refinements required for quantisation of these results are discussed.These measurements ofin vivolenticular biochemistry will provide the information necessary for the scheduling of anticataract drug therapy as well as an ongoing method for monitoring the efficacy of such treatment.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688509000860

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688509000861

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Ophthalmology, third edition KO Wybar and M. Kerr Muir Published by Baillizre Tindall, East Sussex BN21 3UN, England, 1984.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688509000862

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688509000863

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor