摘要:

Following inoculation of HSV-1 (KOS strain) into the anterior chamber of one eye of a BALB/c mouse, the virus travels to the uninoculated contralateral eye and contributes to the devastating retinal necrosis which occurs in this eye 10-12 days p. i. In parallel experiments, HSV-2 (MS strain) was inoculated uniocularly via the anterior chamber route; animals were sacrificed at intervals and their eyes removed for histopathology and virus culture. Histopathological examination revealed that, in contrast to the retinal destruction observed in HSV-1 inoculated animals, the retina of the contralateral eye of HSV-2 injected animals was unaffected. Culture studies demonstrated that, similar to the spread of HSV-1 after anterior chamber inoculation, HSV-2 reached the contralateral eye in two temporally separate waves and also revealed that the amount of virus recovered from the uninoculated eye of HSV-2 infected animals was significantly less than that recovered from the uninoculated contralateral eye of HSV-1 injected mice. Further examination demonstrated that animals inoculated with HSV-2 via the anterior chamber route did not develop the suppression of virus-specific delayed hypersensitivity (DH) which is characteristic of HSV-1 induced anterior chamber associated immune deviation (ACAID). Taken together, the sparing of the contralateral retina and the ability to generate a virus-specific DH response suggest that DH assists in the preservation of the contralateral retina of animals inoculated with HSV-2 via the anterior chamber route by limiting virus replication and the amount of virus which reaches the uninoculated eye.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688709020080

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Lymphocytes obtained from patients with herpes simplex virus, type 1 (HSV) neutralizing antibodies were stimulated in vitro for 48 hr with heat inactivated HSV. Cell-free supernatant from these cultures was added to autologous or allogeneic HLA-DR-negative stromal (fibroblast) cells for 3 days. All stromal cultures were stained with monoclonal reagents by indirect immunofluorescence for Class I (B2) or Class II (HLA-DR) antigen expression. Supernatant from HSV-stimulated lymphocytes induced HLA-DR antigen on cultured stromal cells while supernatant from lymphocytes cultured in the absence of HSV antigen or from lymphocytes which did not proliferate in response to incubation with HSV antigen did not induce HLA-DR. The expression of Class II antigens induced by supernatant from HSV-stimulated lymphocytes was inhibited by the addition of purified antibodies to IFN.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688709020081

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The severity of HSV stromal keratitis varies among inbred mouse strains, with A/J and BALB/c>C57BL/6. Since cell-mediated immunity (CMI) is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of HSV stromal keratitis, we measured the proliferative response of primed splenic mononuclear cells (SMC) from these strains to HSV antigen in vitro.Primed SMC from all three strains showed increased thymidine uptake after incubation with UV-inactivated HSV-1 antigen (UV-HSV) in vitro when compared with control antigen. Uptake by SMC from BALB/c and A/J mice was greater than that by SMC from C57BL/6 mice. The difference between BALB/c and A/J was not significant. Uptake by non-primed SMC cultured with UV-HSV was not significantly greater than uptake induced by control antigen.Thus, among the strains studied, A/J and BALB/c mice, which are relativelysusceptibleto stromal keratitis, have thegreatestproliferative response to UV-HSV antigen. C57BL/6 mice, which are relativelyresistantto stromal keratitis, have theleastresponse. These findings suggest that genetically determined differences in CMI may influence the course of HSV keratitis and are consistent with the hypothesis that the host immune response plays a role in the pathogenesis of HSV stromal keratitis.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688709020082

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Primary inoculation of mice and rabbits with an avirulent HSV-1 thymidine kinase negative (TK−) mutant reduced keratitis, mortality, and superinfection of the trigeminal ganglion (TG) as measured by cocultivation and iontophoresis-induced ocular shedding following ocular challenge with HSV-1 McKrae and W strains. However species differences were demonstrated; with complete protection in rabbits, and incomplete protection in mice. In mice, BUDR/autoradiography and restriction enzyme analysis identified both HSV-1 McKrae and W strains as having super infected the TG, established latency and reactivated. Also, the avirulent TK negative inoculating strain was altered to a virulent TK positive strain through possiblein vivoselection, mutation&/or host-modification, and possiblein vivorecombination with the virulent challenge strains. We conclude that lower species differences require that potential HSV-1 vaccines be tested in non-human primates prior to clinical trials, and that a DNA-free subunit herpes vaccine represents a safer alternative to a live virus vaccine.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688709020083

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

We studied the protective effects of passive immunization with virus specific antibody in newborn rabbits inoculated subcutaneously with type 2 herpes simplex virus (HSV-2). Newborn rabbits given anti-HSV-2 antibody intraperitoneally (IP) on days 0, 2 and 4 post infection had smaller herpetic skin lesions and reduced mortality when compared to controls. In addition, the IP treatment using this schedule reduced virus growth in the skin lesions and virus dissemination, so that it decreased the frequency of herpetic retinitis. When the IP antibody administration was started at 24 hours post virus inoculation, according to the schedule days 1, 3 and 5, there was less protection; larger skin lesions, higher mortality, and greater evidence of virus dissemination. Also HSV-infected mononuclear cells (MNCs) treated with anti-HSV serum resulted in a significant reduction in the number of infected MNCs. The results of these studies suggest that anti-HSV-2 antibody contributes to protection against HSV-2 infection of skin as well as eyes, probably by inactivation of the virus locally at the skin inoculation site, and by combating the hematogenous spread of HSV-infected MNCs as well as free virus to various organs including the eye.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688709020084

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Immunization of outbred mice by subdermal (footpad) inoculation with the F strain of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) induces an immune response which protects the animals against herpetic ocular disease and encephalitis, and reduces the incidence of latent trigeminal ganglion infections following corneal challenge with the RE strain of HSV type 1. The protective effects are proportional to the dose of virus used for immunization. Heat-killed virus preparations also protected the mice against encephalitis and stromal keratitis, but failed to prevent epithelial keratitis and establishment of latency.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688709020085

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The effects of passive immunization with specific monoclonal antibodies against herpes simplex virus glycoproteins gB, gC, gD, and gEon the course of herpetic keratitis, survival and the establishment of latency in an outbred mouse model are described. A total of nine monoclonal antibodies were tested in these experiments. Passive immunization at 24 or 48 hours post-inoculation had little effect on the severity of the initial epithelial infection of the cornea, but blocked dissemination of the virus to the central nervous system and periocular tissues and prevented development of blepharitis, iritis and stromal keratitis. Additional studies are needed to characterize these monoclonal antibodies in greater detail, and to define the mechanism of these protective effects.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688709020086

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Langerhans cells (LC) appear to have a role in the processing of antigens presented through cutaneous surfaces. In most species LC are found in the conjunctiva and limbal epithelium but are rarely found in the central cornea. A quantitative study of corneal LC was performed in guinea pigs and rabbits with HSV-1 keratitis. Corneal epithelial sheets were removed/ stained with ATPase and counted in the peripheral, paracentral and central cornea. Results in guinea pigs showed statistically significant increases of LC on days 6, 16, 21 and 28 in the paracentral and central cornea of HSV eyes. Results in rabbits showed an increase in LC on days 9, 13 and 21 in the paracentral and central cornea of HSV eyes. No LC were found in the central cornea of control eyes. The results indicate a migration of LC to the central cornea as a result of HSV keratitis.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688709020087

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Diagnosis and treatment of herpes simplex virus eye diseases has benefitted from a vast amount of clinical and experimental studies. In this short presentation reference can only be made to some fields, which may illustrate–pars pro toto–the progress achieved during the last years. (1) Clinico-virological correlation studies have led to a better understanding and classification of different typical clinical pictures, especially those affecting the structures of the anterior chamber: endotheliitis trabeculitis, and focal serous iritis. (2) Antiherpetic drugs have become available which do not only penetrate the cornea in sufficient amounts but can also he used systemically. This will lead to a new role of steroids in the treatment of intraocular herpetic diseases. (3) The combination of high-titer human interferon eye drops with a basic therapy of topical antiviral agents has considerably improved therapeutic results in dendritic keratitis.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688709020088

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Twenty-four eyes removed for complications of HSV keratitis were studied histopathologically. There were 20 men and 4 women with an average age of 61 years. Severe keratitis was seen in 11, moderate in 7, and mild in 3 eyes. Common features associated with severe keratitis were: acute perforation, granulomatous keratitis with giant cells in the stroma and Descemet's region, stromal inflammatory cells, angle-closure, severe iridocyclitis with diffuse or focal infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells, low-grade vitritis, choroiditis, and/or retinal periphlebitis. Specimens with moderate to mild keratitis had a similar distribution of inflammation but a lower incidence of granulomatous keratitis.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688709020089

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor