摘要:

A cellular late-phase reaction is described in a rat model of topically induced ocular anaphylaxis. Rats were immunized with dinitrophenylatedAscaris suunextract and alum and were tested for active cutaneous anaphylaxis on day 13. Rats with a strong skin test response were selected for ocular challenge with di-DNP-lysine. Macroscopic observation and histologic evaluation were performed at 1, 6, and 24 h. In rats showing a moderate macroscopic ocular response at 1 h, mast cell degranulation was significantly increased at 1 h; no significant increase in eosinophils, neutrophils or lymnhocytes was found in the conjunctiva of these animals. In rats showing a marked macroscopic ocular response at 1 h, mast cell degranulation was significantly increased at 1 and 6 h; the number of eosinophils was significantly increased at 1 and 6 h, and of neutrophils at 6 h only. At 24 h, neutrophils and eosinophil numbers returned to baseline levels. There was no macroscopic evidence of a late-phase response in either group of animals. Our results suggest that, in keeping with earlier observations in human skin, a strong early response to antigen is required for the development of a late-phase ocular response in the rat.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688809031795

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A simple double fluorescence technique is described which allows quantification of cynomolgus monkey trabecular cell phagocytosis and adsorption. Within the first hour of exposure, significant adsorbance and minimal phagocytosis of polystyrene beads was observed. Peak internalization occured at six hours after increasing linearly at a rate of 20% of maximum per hour; adsorbance was constant and minimal.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688809031796

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Bight enzymes, e.g. lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, fructose-dlphosphate aldolase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, gluoose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, hexoklnase, phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase were estimated quantitatively in the rat lens from 37 to 1,211 days of age, by spectro-photometric methods. The activity was expressed as mU/g LWW.All enzymes measured showed declining activities, but LDH, ALD, SDH, G-6-PDH, HK and PFK gave a significant decrease during ageing when plotted semi-logarithmically from 37 to 1,211 days. SDH and G-6-PDH showed a statistically significant difference between the enzymes from the male and the female lenses. The female lens always had a lower activity than the male lens.Of all enzymes the specific activity, expressed as mU/1 mg protein, was calculated. This specific activity appeared to be rather constant during ageing, except for AID, In the female lenses, the specific activity of 7 enzymes was lower than in the male lenses. For ALD the specific activity decreased significantly in the male lens from 5.32 at 37 days to 0.88 at 1,211 days. In the female lens this significant decrease was from 4.97 to 0.81.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688809031797

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Information is needed with regard to the vascular reactivities of ophthalmic and ciliary arteries in order to provide rational medical treatment of ocular disease by systemic administration of drugs. In the present study, vascular reactions of isolated proximal and distal portions of dog long posterior ciliary arteries (LPCAs) to norepinephrine (NE), prostaglandin F2α(PGF2α) and KCl were examined using the arterial-perfusion method, in the presence and absence of 2 kinds of antagonists, bunazosin (a selective alpha-1 adrenoceptor antagonist) and diltiazem (a calcium antagonist). In the present study, the proximal LPCA is defined as the region of LPCA on the optic nerve, and the distal one the region along the sclera except the anterior uvea. Each drug was injected by a microinjector into the endothelial side of an artery through a cannulated rubber tubing. Responses were recorded as changes in perfusion pressure. Results were as follows: 1) Three agents produced temporal vasoconstrictions, and the rank order of potency for inducing a vasoconstriction was NE>PGF2αKl in each portion. 2) In these two regions or LPCAs, the maximum increase in perfusion pressure and the threshold dose for KCL were almost the same. 3) The maximum increase in perfusion pressure by PGF2αwas the same in these regions, but the threshold dose on proximal vessels was significantly larger than that on distal ones, indicating that the distal LPCAs were more sensitive to PGF2αthan the proximal ones. 4) The threshold dose for NE in the distal LPCAs was significantly greater than that in the proximal ones. In the proximal LPCAs the maximum response was about 60 mmHg, but in the distal ones it was only about 20 mmHg. 5) The dose response curves for KCl were shifted to the right by diltiazem (1–100μg) in a dose dependent manner, but those for NE were slightly affected only by a large dose of 100μg of diltiazem. 6) Bunazosin (0.1–10μg) blocked the NE-induced constrictions of both regions of LPCAs in a dose dependent manner, although 10μg of bunazosin did not inhibit the KCl-induced responses. From these results, it is suggested that proximal LPCAs contain more alpha-1 adrenoceptors than distal LPCAs.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688809031798

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Panretinal photocoagulatlon was carried out in mini pigs in an attempt to elucidate the mechanisms involved in laser therapy. The effect of the vitreous from these eyes on the proliferation of retinal microvascular endothelial cells was then studied. Vitreous removed 4 days after panretinal photocoagulation had no effect on the proliferation of bovine retinal microvascular endothelial cells in basal medium but inhibited proliferation in growth medium. Control vitreous was mitogenic for the microvascular cells in basal medium but this effect was not observed in growth medium.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688809031799

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The kinetics of the anti-DNP antibody response to DNP-pneumoooccus appearing in tears and bile (IgA) and serum (IgM and IgG) was examined in rats after the application of antigen either via the ocular-topical (OT) or gastrointestinal (GI) routes. It was found that IgA responses were obtained each time in tears after either OT or GI antigen doses given monthly for three months, but that the OT route gave rise to consistently higher tear antibody titres than the GI route of immunization. Comparable IgA responses were found in bile using either route. In serum a small primary IgM response was consistently obtained but the main antibody found was IgG, the timing and degree of response being about the same for both routes. When the adjuvants Avridine in liposomes or MTP-PE were added along with the antigen it was found that with either immunization route, the tear IgA response was much reduced compared to when no adjuvant was used; the serum IgG response was marginally increased when adjuvant was added. The effects of binding anti-DNP monoclonal IgA or IgG1 to antigen before immunizing via the OT route was also studied. It was found that the presence of immunoglobulin of either isotype in the complex caused an increase in the serum IgG response, but that the tear IgA response was diminished in rats receiving IgA/antigen complexes compared with those receiving IgG/antigen or antigen alone.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688809031800

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This comparative study shows the surface area ratio of conjunctiva to cornea to be two times larger in humans than in rabbits. This large heretofore unrecognized interspecies difference may affect the applicability of drug pharmacokinetic data obtained using rabbit models and should be taken into consideration in topical drug development and future comparative drug penetration studies between rabbit and man.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688809031801

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The role of a GTP-binding protein in activation of phospholipase C in bovine corneal epithelium was determined by investigating the effects of non-hydrolyzable GTP analog, GTP-γ-S, and NaF on breakdown of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) in this tissue. GTP-γ-S (2–50μM), when introduced into the permeabilized corneal epithelial cells labeled with myo-[3H]inositol, dose-dependently increased the formation of myoinositol trisphosphate (IP3). Other guanine nucleotides and ATP were ineffective. Incubation of32P-prelabeled corneal epithelium with NaF (2–50 mM) resulted in increased breakdown of PIP2and increased synthesis of phosphatidic acid. In myo-[3H]inositol-labeled tissue, NaF dose-dependently increased the accumulation of IP3. Microsomal membrane fraction from corneal epithelium was found to contain phospholipase C activity towards endogenous phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate and PIP2. The enzyme activity was stimulated by Ca2+(100μM). Addition of GTP-γ-S to microsomal fraction containing phosphoinosi-tides which were radiolabeled with32Piin situor with [γ-32P]ATPin vitrocaused a dose dependent hydrolysis of PIP2. These data, taken collectively, suggest that a GTP-binding protein is involved in activation of phospholipase C towards PIP2in bovine corneal epithelium, and that this guanine nucleotide regulatory protein may serve to couple norepinephrine and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors to phospholipase C during transmembrane signalling.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688809031802

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

We examined the sera of 50 patients with anterior uveitis (AU) for the presence of interferon and neopterin, an interferon induced pteridine derivative. Neopterin release is induced by gamma interferon and it is a more stable compound. Our results indicate that although there is no detectable differences in serum interferon levels between patients and controls, neopterin levels were elevated in patients with active disease, possibly indicating a localised activation of the interferon system.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688809031803

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Developmental aspects of the formation of rhodopsin in the chick were investigated. The content of rhodopsin was measured in the retina of the developing chick embryo, newly hatched and adult chickens by both spectral and immunological procedures. Rhodopsin was first detected spectrally at day 18 (stage 43) with the level increasing about 6 fold through hatching. The concentration in the adult retina was about one half that present in the 1 day old chick. By the more sensitive procedure of radioiiranunoassay (RIA), rhodopsin was detected as early as day 12 (stage 37), but was undetectable in the 8 day old embryo. The rhodopsin concentration remained low and relatively constant until day 17 (stage 42), at which point it increased rapidly up to hatching. Retina from the newly-hatched chick had a rhodopsin concentration some 30 fold higher than the 16 day old embryo (stage 41). The results of RIA indicate that the biosynthesis of rhodopsin may significantly precede the morphological appearance of outer segments.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688809031804

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor