摘要:

We have demonstrated an increase in activity of arylsulfatase A and B during galactose induced cataract development in rats. Our recent investigation shows that acid phosphatase activity, which increases substantially during galactose cataract development in rats, could be contained to near normal level if Sorbinil, an aldose reductase inhibitor, was fed along with galactose to the rat. We have observed that the activity of other lysosomal enzymes, arylsulfatase A and/or B, also increases during galactose cataractogenesis. In the present report, we provide information with regards to the effect of Sorbinil on the activity of these enzymes during cataractogenesis. A modified Hopsu-Havu and Helminen method (1974) with p-nitrocatecholsulfate as substrate was used for localization of both arylsulfatase A and B; and the method of Hara et al. (1979) was utilized to obtain quantitative data on the level of arylsulfatase A and B activity. Ultrastructural cytochemistry shows that arylsulfatase activity in all lenses was primarily localized in epithelial cells in lysosomes with very little or no activity in cortical fibers. The number of arylsulfatase positive lysosomes and the activity level of these enzymes increased with the progression of cataract development. Galactose induced damage to lens morphology and increase in activity of arylsulfatase A and B was inhibited by inclusion of 50mg/Kg (diet) Sorbinil in the galactose containing cataractogenic diet. However, Sorbinil had no significant effect on the enzyme activity following the establishment of mature cataracts.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688509017659

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Ocular blood flow was measured in aphakic rabbit eyes using a radioactive microsphere technique following sub-chronic three times a day treatment with one of the following drugs: ecothiophate iodide (0.125%), pilocarpine (4%), epinephrine (2%), norepinephrine (2%) or timolol (0.5%). The results show that regional ocular blood flow was statistically normal after this treatment regimen compared to both normal and aphakic control eyes. Ecothiophate did statistically increase choroidal blood flow and, although not statistically significant, other drugs did induce trends which may be relevant to drug use.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688509017660

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Human endothelial morphologic changes were quantitated by specular microscopy and computer-assisted morphometry to establish normal baselines of various morphologic parameters. Cellular polymegethism and cellular pleomorphism increases with age, and normal baseline parameters are detailed. Furthermore, no significant difference in any morphologic parameters between the right and left eye and between central and peripheral endothelium was detected in the normal corneas examined. These normal morphologic baselines can possibly be utilized to detect early corneal endothelial pathology and/or cell loss nondetectable by cell density measurement.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688509017661

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Theϵ-crystallin polypeptide is a recently described protein in the eye lens of the peking duck,Anas platyrhynchos(1). It does not cross react withα-,β-,δ-, andγ-crystalli.ns.It has a molecular weight of 120K and consists of 3 identical 38K polypeptides. It is found in some reptiles and birds.The ontogeny of this polypeptide has been investigated in the developingA.platyrhynchoslens via the indirect immunofluorescence staining using a homologous antibody.The 38K. polypeptide was extracted from 13% Tris-SDS acrylamide gels (3), lyophilized and injected into a young rabbit to raise an antibody.The purity of the isolated 38K polypeptide and and the specificity of the antibody were checked by Tris-SDS gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting, respectively.The first positive reaction is detected at 80 h (stage 18) incubated lens. It is confined to a few elongating early primary fibres.Until the 9th day of development the reaction is confined to the primary and secondary lens fibres, The first positive reaction in the annular pad area is observed in the“day 10”lens.In the anterior epithelium the first positive reaction is detectable in the“day 12”lens. At the beginning it is confined to a few cells in the center of the epithelium and gradually the reaction spreads to other cells. A strong and uniform reaction in the entire epithelium is noted for the first time in the lens of a just-hatched duckling.The 38Kϵ-polypeptide is detectable after theα-,β-, andδ-crystallins, which, in the duck, appear simultaneously from 66 h (stage 15/16) (6).

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688509017662

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

We investigated the role of various immune components in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated experimental herpetic uveitis. Inbred III/J strain of rabbits were sensitized with an intravitreal injection of 10-3PFU of type 1 herpes simplex virus (HSV), and sensitized cervical lymph node (LN) cells were obtained on postinfection day 12. Intravitreal injection to the normal III/J rabbit eye of HSV antigen with either sensitized LN cells or anti-HSV serum failed to induce uveitis, whereas intravitreal injection of HSV-antigen with both sensitized LN cells and anti-HSV serum produced severe uveitis within six hours. The combination of sensitized LN cells, HSV-antigen and normal rabbit serum, or that of normal LN cells, HSV antigen and anti-HSV serum, did not induce uveitis. Further studies using B lymphocyte and T lymphocyte fractions from sensitized LN showed that only the combination of sensitized T lymphocytes, HSV antigen and anti-HSV serum regularly produced uveitis following intravitreal injection. These results indicate that the interaction of HSV antigen, sensitized T lymphocytes and anti-HSV antibody may play a role in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated herpetic uveitis.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688509017663

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The present investigation was designed to assess whether lens membrane permeability is affected by changes in levels of intracellular calcium. Lanthanum, an inhibitor of Ca-ATPase, affected an increase in the concentration of intracellular calcium (Ca1) measured in cortical fiber cells. Preculture of lenses in lanthanum (1.0mM) caused an accumulation of36Cl during subsequent culture at a rate three-fold higher than control lenses. Changes in calcium levels, however, were not responsible for the observed flux changes because a 40mV depolarization was observed to occur prior to a significant increase in calcium levels. The non-specific effects of lanthanum and other potential inhibitors of calcium transport were avoided by preculturing lenses in an ion-HEPES medium containing 20mM calcium chloride. In lenses with a six-fold increase in calcium levels there resulted only a 10% increase in36Cl uptake over a 3 hr period.86Rb efflux was also measured and the rate constant was unchanged compared to control lenses. Calcium accumulation did lead to a small (8mV) depolarization which may account for the small increase in chloride accumulation. By light microscopy, morphology of cortical lens fibers and the epithelium appeared unchanged in the calcium-loaded lens. The results provide little evidence that an increase in Ca1leads to acute changes in lens membrane permeability.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688509017664

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Retinal S-antigen has been found to be localized in a specific photoreceptor cell population of squirrel (Tamias striatus) and rhesus monkey retina. In these cone-rich retinas S-antigen seems only to be present in the rods. Differential immunofluorescent staining of the photoreceptor cells was accomplished by using monospecific rabbit-anti bovine S-antigen antiserum, which exhibits very limited species specificity.In view of its co-localization with rhodopsin in rods and considering data from literature, we suggest that S-antigen is a major component of the phototransduction system in these cells.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688509017665

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Intravenous endotoxin produces an acute toxic ocular reaction in rabbits. The core component of endotoxin, lipid A, can be modified by acid hydrolysis. This results in a detoxified ST that is relatively ineffective in inducing fever or lethal effects but which retains activity as a mitosen or as a cofaotor in inducing tumor necrosis. We report that detoxified endotoxin was relatively ineffective in inducing iris hypereuia, increased ocular vascular permeability, a rise in aqueous humor prostaglandin E2, or the Ceneration of aqueous humor neutrophil chemotactic activity. Chemotaotic activity was not increased in aqueous humor even though detoxified endotoxin effectively generated chemotactic activity from serum in vitro. These observations indicate the critical role of lipid A structure in producing ET-induced ocular effects and show that the ability of ET to act as a mitogen, induce turaor necrosis, or generate serum chemotactic activity can be dissociated from its ocular toxicity.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688509017666

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The pattern of localization of actin filaments was compared in whole mounts of lens epithelium of rabbit and mouse using the fluorescently-labeled actin-specific probe, rhodamine-phalloidin. In the adult rabbit lens, fluorescent polygonal arrays consisting of central vertices and interconnecting filaments were present in the apical end of each epithelial cell. Electron microscopy confirmed that these arrays lined the cytoplasmic side of the apical membrane. In the mature adult mouse, polygonal arrays were not seen either with fluorescence or electron microscopy. Instead, the actin was packaged in a single, elongated, often curved bundle near the epithelial cell apex, referred to as a“sequestered actin bundle”or SAB. The SAB often appeared attached to the plasma membrane and to approach the perinuclear basket of microfilaments. The significance of the differences in these two patterns of actin is discussed in terms of differences in the accommodative ability and static lens shape in these two animals.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688509017667

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

of a Symposium presented at the meeting of the VI International Congress of Eye Research, Alicante, Spain, 1–7 October 1984. Organized by S.D. Klyce and R.W. Beuerman.Contributors: M.F. Refojo, I. Fatt, D. Lin, B.R. Masters, R.D. Ochsner, D.J. O'Leary, G. Wilson, J. Bergmanson, J. Friend, F.L. Leong, H. Kilp, B. Heisig-Salentin, L.L. Mannucci, F. Moro, A. Cosani, M. Palumbo, C. Kirkland, D. Lamberts, B.A. Holden, Antti Vannas, Klas Nilsson, Nathan Efron, Deborah Sweeney. Michael Kotow, Donna La Hood, Michael Guillon and A.J. Rozsa.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688509017668

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor