摘要:

Cefotaxime levels in the cornea and the aqueous humour were assayed after local topical application and subconjunctival injection in healthy and infected corneas. The results in infected corneas were analysed pharmacokinetically. The absorption and elimination of cefotaxime within 2 hours after topical administration are adequately predicted by a two-compartment model in which one compartment represents the cornea and the other the aqueous humour, with the elimination taking place from the latter. The transfer coefficient kc (cornea-aqueous) was estimated as 1.452 h-1and the return transfer coefficient kca (aqueous-cornea) as 0.287 h-1. After subconjunctival injection the levels measured exhibit bi-exponential kinetics, with the apparent absorption constant Ka-3.816 h-1.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688809033218

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Following uniocular topical corneal inoculation with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV), 176-fold more virus was recovered by 14-day cultivation in vitro from latently infected ipsilateral trigeminal ganglia (TG) of BALB/c mice than from TG of C57BL/6 mice (p = 0.002). Since these quantitative differences may reflect a difference in the number of latently infected cells or a difference in the ability of virus to replicate in secondarily infected cells during cultivation in vitro, experiments were designed to estimate the actual number of sites of latency.Two to four months after topical corneal inoculation, when no active ocular disease was present, minced TG were digested with 2% collagenase. The dissociated cells were placed on monolayers of vero cells, incubated at 31°C, and observed for cytopathic effect (CPE) for 14 days.Ipsilateral TG from BALB/c mice produced five-fold more foci of infection than TG from C57BL/6 mice (p = 0.007). The number of foci of infection was also dependent upon the dose of virus used to infect the eye. Following infection with high doses of HSV, virus was reactivated from contralateral TG, but in lower numbers than from ipsilateral TG. In vitro studies showed that the replication of virus in ganglia from BALB/c mice was 3–8-fold greater than that in ganglia from C57BL/6 mice.These data support the hypothesis that host genetic factors and the number of infectious particles inoculated influence the number of latently infected cells in the trigeminal ganglion after corneal infection with HSV. The number of infectious virus particles recovered from latently infected tissues by cultivation in vitro depends upon both the number of sites of latency and the ability of host cells to support viral replication.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688809033219

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Using immunoelectron microscopy, the presence of elastin and tropoelastin was demonstrated in pseudoexfoliative (PSX) material in all its classical sites on the lens capsule, ciliary non-pigment epithelium, iris epithelium and stroma, and conjunctiva. Some variability in binding affinity was seen in different sites, and labelling was more often on the periphery than the center of the PSX fibers. The elastin epitope on PSX material was more sensitive to processing than the remarkably stable epitope on mature elastic fibers. Since neither elastin nor a related component of PSX fibers, elastic microfibrillar protein, is a circulating protein, both are likely to be secreted by local ocular cells. Most of these local cells are not involved in elastogenesis normally, suggesting that an abnormal stimulus or defective regulation of matrix synthesis exists in this disease.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688809033220

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The nervous system has profound modulatory influences on many inflammatory processes, particularly within the eye. These properties are in part mediated via neuropeptides. The neurotoxin, capsaicin, has been utilized as a valuble experimental tool to study the role of neuropeptides in many organ systems. Retrobulbar injection of capsaicin into rats results in the loss of sensory nerve function with rapid onset of inflammation (6–12 hours) which is confined to the the anterior segment. The hallmark of the acute response at 24–48 hours is marked polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN)/mononuclear cell influx and opacification of the corneal stroma with degeneration and loss of the central epithelium. PMN/mononuclear cell infiltration was also evident within the angle, the anterior chamber, and the iris. The corresponding posterior segments were normal. There was extensive corneal neovascularization between 7 and 14 days. This keratouveitogenic response in rats was age-dependent and can be attenuated by prior systemic pretreatments with capsaicin. This model should prove to be useful useful in the study of mechanisms of intraocular neurogenic inflammation.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688809033221

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Chimaeric mice were produced by aggregating two morulae-one of homozygousrdsmutant and another from a strain of mice with normal retina, which also differed in colour genes. The interphotoreceptor matrix in the retinal sections of these chimaeras was studied histochemically. In sections, stained with colloidal iron, regions withrds/rdsphotoreceptor layer, characteristically lacking the outer segments, showed more intense staining of the interphotoreceptor matrix, while regions with normal receptor outer segments showed less intense staining of the matrix. In sections, stained with toluidine blue,rds/rdsregions showed more intense reaction along the pigment epithelial-photoreceptor interface and less intense reaction over the inner segments in comparison to the regions with normal photoreceptors. These differential staining reactions were independent of the overlying retinal pigment epithelial cell genotype and resembled the reaction patterns in the retina of pure strain controls of the same age. Small patches, showingrds/rdstype staining were also observed within areas which appeared normal.We suggest that the altered properties of the interphotoreceptor matrix in therdsretina result from gene expression within the photoreceptor cells.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688809033222

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The possible roles of monocytes and lymphocytes in vitreous fibrosis were examined by injecting various numbers of the peripheral cell types into the rabbit vitreous. Our results indicated that the degree of vitreous fibrosis and the presence of traction retinal detachment corresponded to the number of cells injected. It was suggested that these findings are probably similar to vitreous membrane formation and retinal detachment in various clinical ocular diseases or inflammations in humans.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688809033223

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Various pharmacologic agents have been tried to control proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). However, most are water soluble and cannot be used with silicone oil (SO), a tamponade agent also used in PVR management. We evaluated a lipophilic, antiproliferative drug, BCNU, in regard to its solubility and stability in SO, its release from SO into an aqueous solution, and its effect on cell cultures. BCNU is soluble in SO (peak concentration inμg/ml 1020, 750, and 294 at 37°C, 21°C, and 4°C, respectively), and stable (half-life = 6.7 weeks at 37°C, 17.9 weeks at 21°C). At 4°C, no significant decrease in concentration up to eight weeks was noted. BCNU is released from SO to water (partition coefficient = 10.28±2.16). Its median inhibitory doses (ID50) on bovine retinal pigment epithelial (RPE), rabbit RPE, and subconjunctival fibroblast cells are 13, 1.9, and 15.6μg/ml, respectively. BCNU may be a useful pharmacologic tool to control PVR.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688809033224

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The intent of this study was to visualize changes in the density and location of fibrinogen-related antigen (FRA) depositions within the murine vitreous space during the formation of a chronic mycobacterial-induced uveitis (CMIU) granuloma. Concurrent changes in cellular morphology of the granuloma were also examined. Fibrinogen derivatives within the exudates of granulomatous cell-mediated inflammations may induce physical induration and numerous other phlogistic effects. However, technical limitations of conventional FRA staining methods have tended to underestimate the extent of their presence within this category of inflammatory lesions.Conventional H and E sections of the CMIU granuloma confirmed the classic progression-early PMN influx, monocyte maturation and final macrophage and epitheloid cell dominance-described for such lesions. Avidin-biotin-complex staining utilizing a polyclonal mouse antifibrinogen then revealed a progressive increase in amorphous extracellular fibrinogen-FRA-positive staining material as the granuloma evolved. Thus, on day one the PMN influx showed no evidence of fibrinogen-FRA staining; at one week heavy staining was evident in the anterior chamber and in consolidated (i.e. macrophage) regions of the granuloma; at one month a heavy uniform staining appeared throughout the indurated granuloma where macrophages and epitheloid cells predominated. Patterns of heavy deposition on macrophage surfaces were suggested. The likelihood that bulky accumulations of FRA in mature granulomas are not solely fibrin, and may account for granulomatous induration and persistence, is discussed.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688809033225

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The effect of alterations in retinal and choroidal circulation resulting from changes in body orientation were examined in 10 subjects with normal systemic and intraocular pressures. Body inversion resulted in an increase in the intraocular pressure with a concomitant increase in the ocular perfusion pressure. The effect of these pressure elevations was assessed by photopic oscillatory potentials (OPs).The trends in the change in OP amplitude with experimentally elevated ocular perfusion pressure varied across OP wavelets. OP-1 and the OP index exhibited a statistically significant decrease with an increase in ocular perfusion pressure, with OP-2 to OP-5 showing statistically insignificant reductions. Only OP-5 showed a significant decrease in implicit time with increased perfusion pressure. The magnitude of these changes were quite small despite a greater than 70% increase in the ocular perfusion pressure. Vascular autoregulatory mechanisms are hypothesized to be responsible for maintaining the OPs to within clinically normal levels.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688809033226

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Using a panel of monoclonal antibodies to guinea pig leukocyte antigens we have examined the phenotype of inflammatory cells present in focal chorio-retinal lesions developing in guinea pigs during S-antigen induced experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). The earliest choroidal infiltrates of T cells appeared to be T helper (Th) cells but in choroidal foci of inflammatory cells and in early retinal lesions, where rod outer segment lysis had occurred, the presence of a Pan T negative, T cytotoxic/suppressor (T c/s) positive population of effector cells was identified. In areas of more extensive retinal damage, the ratio of putative Th to T c/s cells was 1.1. The observation that B cell numbers increased progressively to become the predominant cell type in end state lesions, supports the concept that these may be the major suppressor cell population in guinea pigs. Infiltrating inflammatory cells and capillary endothelial cells express Class I and Class II antigen, however retinal pigment epithelium and Mullers cells did not express Class I or Class II antigens.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688809033227

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor