摘要:

Soft contact lenses are bathed with tear components during wear and surface deposits accumulate. This report shows thatPseudomonas aeruginosaadheres to the surface of worn extended wear contact lenses in direct proportion to the amount of lens surface deposits as determined by the Rudko method (P<. 05). More hydrophobic bacteria adhered 10 times greater than bacteria which were relatively hydrophilic (P<. 005). The effect upon bacterial adhesion of enzyme and surfactant cleaning of worn extended wear contact lenses was investigated by two independent methods: one involving a high inoculum and the other a low inoculum ofPseudomonas.Treatment of worn lenses with commercially available enzymes such as papain and pork pancreatin as well as treatment with neuraminidase, mannosidase, glucosidase and alkylcarboxylic acid for as long as 48 hours failed to reduce subsequent bacterial adhesion in both the high and low inoculum experiments. We conclude that soft contact lens surface deposits are a major determinant in the adhesion ofPseudomonas aeruginosato the worn lens surface and that enzyme cleaning of worn lenses does not significantly reduce bacterial adhesion.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713689008999566

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Povidone-iodine is frequently instilled on to the conjunctival surface prior to intraocular surgery in order to prevent septic endophthalmitis. A small amount of povidone-iodine is inevitably introduced into the eye when it is used in this manner. The toxicity of intravitreal povidone-iodine was assessed in rabbit eyes by injecting 0.1 ml of povidone-iodine in concentrations of 0.05%, 0.5% and 5% into the vitreous cavity. The injected eyes were evaluated by clinical examination, anterior segment and fundus photography, endothelial cell counts, electroretinography and histopathology. Compared to control eyes, no changes were observed in all 6 eyes injected with 0.1 ml of 0.05% povidone-iodine solutions. 9 of 10 eyes tolerated a concentration of 0.5% with no detectable adverse changes. One eye developed a temporary mild iritis and mild suppression of the ERG. Intraretinal hemorrhages, edema, arteriolar narrowing and retinal edema were seen one week following injection. Mild retinal necrosis of the same area was seen on histology. All 4 eyes injected with 5% povidone-iodine developed temporary hypotony and iridocyclitis. A dense cataract developed in all eyes. Full thickness retinal necrosis and a profound lasting reduction in the ERG was produced in all of these eyes. No corneal epithelial or endothelial changes were observed in any eye in this series. Low concentrations of intravitreal povidone-iodine likely to be produced by instillation prior to surgery are tolerated by rabbit eyes. The concentrations tolerated by the studied eyes are near reported bactericidal levels.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713689008999567

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Regular injections of the gliotoxins D-α-aminoadipic acid and L-α-aminoadipic acid were made into the vitreous chamber of the eyes of newly-hatched chicks reared either in a normal visual environment or under conditions of monocular occlusion. Striking differences in the growth rates of the eyes from the different groups were observed. Injection of D-α-aminoadipic acid, which causes the Müller glial cells to swell and diminishes the retinal OFF-response, resulted in a marked increase in the rate of axial growth of the eye compared with normal eyes. However, injection of D-α-aminoadipic acid into occluded eyes caused a lesser growth rate than was observed in occluded control eyes. By contrast, injection of L-α-aminoadipic acid, which also causes severe glial swelling and abolishes the retinal ON-response, caused reduced eye growth in non-occluded eyes. However, injection of L-α-aminoadipic acid into occluded eyes caused eye growth in excess of that recorded in the occluded controls. We concluded that the different growth rates observed is more likely a result of the disruption of the neural ON and OFF mechanisms than of the indisposition of the Müller cells.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713689008999568

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Oxygen-induced retinopathy was produced by exposing 3-day-old kittens to 80% oxygen between 60 and 105 hours. They were then allowed to survive in room air until day 15, 21 or 28 when they were sacrificed after perfusion with colloidal carbon. Specimens were prepared for transmission electron microscopy. Ninety separate vitreous capillaries from oxygen–treated animals were examined. A total of 235 intercellular junctions were examined, 116 of them from the 15–day old animals. In the 15–day old animals, five junctions of 116 were open and the remainder were tight. No open junctions were seen in 21–or 28–day–old animals. In one capillary from a 15–day animal, fenestrated endothelium was seen in an aberrant, intraluminal loop of endothelium which formed no part of the blood/tissue barrier. The wall thickness of the vitreous new vessels seemed to decrease and the number of vesicles and vacuoles appeared to increase with increasing age. The basement membrane of the vitreous new vessels was scanty. In some sections, cells, presumably macrophages, were seen outside the new vessels. It is concluded that the increased permeability of the vitreous new vessels in 15-day-old animals can be explained by, and is possibly totally due to, the presence of open endothelial junctions.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713689008999569

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

We have studied the graft rejection of bovine lamellar cornea transplanted onto the rabbit cornea. In addition, the effect of inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism and immunosuppressive agents on this heterolamellar corneal transplant was investigated. The corneal lamellar transplant treated with saline were rejected at 9±1.4 day with 100% rejection rate. The postsurgical conjunctival hyperemia and edema occurred within 2–3 days. Corneal neovascularization took 5 to 9 days to reach the region of the graft. Intramuscular cyclosporin A (25mg/kg/day) and dexamethasone (0.1%) applied topically for 20 days (t.i.d.) inhibited the corneal opacity, edema, neovascularization and graft rejection. Topical Dexamethasone in the ipsilateral eye prolonged survival of grafts in the contralateral (untreated) eye. Cyclosporin A and dexamethasone probably inhibited the graft rejection process by their immunosuppressive action. Indomethacin and BW755C, respective cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibitors, applied topically did not inhibit graft rejection process while inhibiting postsurgical inflammatory response.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713689008999570

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The management of opportunistic infections is a significant problem in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and the development of more effective chemotherapeutic agents is needed. We present the ocular manifestations of an AIDS-like disease in rhesus monkeys experimentally infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) at the Delta Regional Primate Research Center. These findings consisted of rubeosis in the anterior segment and retinitis, optic neuritis, choroiditis and panophthalmitis in the posterior segment of the eye.Investigation of the retinas by electron microscopy revealed SIV in both eyes of one animal and a herpes virus in two animals. Serology confirmed cytomegalovirus (CMV) as the likely agent.This primate model will prove useful for both further investigations of the possible interaction between immunosuppressive lentiviruses and CMV in ocular disease and antiviral drug testing.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713689008999571

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The tumorocidal effect of hyperthermia was studied in Greene's amelanotic hamster melanoma transplanted into the anterior chamber of rabbit eyes. To achieve optimal depth penetration, hyperthermia was induced with near infrared light of 820–870 nm, during 15 minutes, at a beam diameter of 2.5–6.0 mm resulting in an intermediate level hyperthermia of 45–60°C.At 45°C no tumor destruction occurred, at 50°C the effect varied from no destruction to total thickness tumor destruction. At 55–60°C total tumor destruction with additional lens damage occurred. In comparison photocoagulation with white light revealed only necrosis up to half the tumor thickness.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713689008999572

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The most abundant soluble protein of bovine cornea, BCP 54 (Bovine Corneal Protein, molecular weight 54 kD) was isolated and digested under both limited and complete digestion conditions withStaphylococcus aureusV8 protease. The fragments resulting from limited digestion were separated by one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, transferred to a polyvinylidene difluoride membrane, visualized by Coomassie Blue staining, cut out, and submitted to N-terminal protein sequence analysis. Complete digestion fragments were separated on a Vydac C18 reverse-phase HPLC, collected, and concentrated prior to sequencing. Using this method, we obtained amino acid sequence data from three internal V8 protease derived fragments of BCP 54 and a number of HPLC fragments. Comparison of these amino acid sequences, corresponding to 30% of the BCP 54 molecule, to those sequences contained within release 22 of the National Biomedical Research Foundation Protein Identification Resource revealed no extended sequence similarity of known proteins to BCP54.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713689008999573

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The effects of succinate on the intracellular potential difference, PD, were measured in isolated rabbit ciliary processes. Concentrationdependent increases in the hyperpolarization of PD occurred between 1 and 15 mM succinate in NaC1 Ringers. With 5 mM succinate, there was a 6 mV hyperpolarization. Even though the hyperpolarization of PDIwas comparable with 10 and 15 mM succinate, it was more sustained at the latter two concentrations. Succinate also elicited comparable hyperpolarizations of PDIin either Cl--free or HCO3--free Ringers. Similarly, following incubation with either 0.1 mM DIDS or 3 mM BaCl2the effect of succinate on PDIwas unchanged. Five mM succinate had no effect if it was added after 5 mM malonate. Malonate (5 mM) rapidly reversed a 5 mM succinate-induced hyperpolarization of PDIwhich also suggests a metabolically mediated effect on PDI. An isosmotic substitution of Na+with NMDG Ringers depolarized PDI, whereas PDIdepolarized biphasically during exposure to 0.1 mM ouabain. The addition of 5 mM succinate had no effect on either the time course or the magnitude of the depolarization of PDIduring blocking of the Na+:K+pump with either Na+-free Ringers or ouabain. Taken together, these results show that succinate selectively stimulates the Na+:K+pump, but has no effect on any Cl-, HCO3-or a Ba2+-sensitive K+conductance.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713689008999574

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Polyclonal antisera made against synthetic peptides corresponding to expected tryptic fragments of gamma crystallin have been used to screen tryptic digests of total proteins from cataractous versus normal human lenses. One of these antisera recognizes two peptides that were found in greater amounts from digests of cataractous lenses. These two peptides shared a common sequence that contained an aspartate residue in place of an expected asparagine, suggesting that increased deamidation of this residue had occurred in the human cataractous lensin vivo.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713689008999575

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor