摘要:

The origin of amyloid in gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy, one of the primary corneal amyloidoses, was studied by light and electron microscopy. Milky-white granules over the corneal surface are the first clinical findings. In the initial stage, the amyloid substance exists between the basal cell of the corneal epithelium and the basal lamina of the cell. The basal lamina, Bowman's membrane and the stroma remained intact. Numerous filaments, about 7nm in width, were seen in the normal basal cells. In addition, many fibrils, about 10nm in width, were observed in the damaged basal cells. With progressing of the disease, the amyloid increased in amount and Bowman's membrane disappeared.Our results suggest that the basal cell of the corneal epithelium may produce and secreted the amyloid substance and gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy occurred.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688209011623

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

14C stearic acid was incubated in organ culture of rabbit lens for 6, 12 and 20 hours. Stearic acid did penetrate the lens and was incorporated into triacyl-glycerides and phospholipids. It also served as a carbon source for cholesterol synthesis. Individual fatty acids were isolated and radioactivity measurements were made. Incorporation of label was found in C12:0, C14:0 and C16:0 fatty-acids, indicatingde novosynthesis in the lens; incorporation was found in C16:1 and C18:1, indicatingδ9 desaturase activity, and incorporation was found in the fatty acids of 20 carbons or longer, indicating the presence of a fatty acid elongation system in the lens.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688209011624

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Experiments were designed to investigate the effects of lens calcium on the Na/K pump since elevated calcium and sodium often accompanies lens opacification. An increase in lens calcium was accomplished by culturing lenses in calcium-rich media at 21d`C in the absence of poisons which might directly alter sodium transport. Calcium loaded lenses were subsequently incubated at 37d`C in a normal culture medium to assess membrane transport function. A five-fold increase in total lens calcium to 1.45mM, resulting in a 4% increase in membrane bound calcium, had little effect on the cation pump. However, an increase in lens calcium by a factor of 100 caused a 4-fold increase in membrane bound calcium, a 50% decrease in (Na/K)-ATPase activity, and a 40% decrease in86Rb uptake after an incubation period of 20 hrs. Details of the mechanism of enzyme inhibition remain obscure, but the data suggest the inhibition is predominantly irreversible and does not involve an interaction between calcium and ATP.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688209011625

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Various cannabinoids have been tested for activity compared toΔ9-THC in reducing intraocular pressure after intravenous administration in rabbits at 0.1 mg or 1 mg/animal. Comparison ofℓ-Δ9-,Δ8-, 11-0H-Δ9- and 11-0H-Δ8-THC indicates that minor configurational changes have only a small influence on activity with regard to induction of a fall in intraocular pressure, although 11-OH-Δ8-THC has increased activity. 8α-OH-, 8α-diOH- and 8β-diOH-Δ9-THC have little or no activity but 8β-OH-Δ9-THC is as active asΔ9-THC indicating that the hydroxyl group in theβ-position does not influence activity. Modification of the C5H11alkyl side chain (3'-0H-Δ9-THC) reduced activity to 20% relative toΔ9-THC. Cannabidiol (CBD), cannabichromene, cannabigerol and olivetol had no activity, but 10-OH-CBD had some activity at 2 mg/animal. Cannabinol (CBN) had about half the activity ofΔ9-THC and activity was reduced further with l'-OH-CBN, indicating that side chain modification reduced activity. NeitherΔ9-THC, nor cannabigerol, had any effect on intraocular pressure or total outflow facility in the rhesus monkey, suggesting species differences in ocular responses to cannabinoids. Further studies on modification of these compounds is warranted in order to further delineate the structure-activity relationships.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688209011626

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A new semi-automatic videopupillometer with a two-channel video integrator uses prismatic displacement of pupil images for binocular recording with a single infrared-sensitive video camera. The video integrator graphically records pupil area or diameter during testing and can reanalyze and plot information from videotape recordings of pupil responses.This new pupillometer was used to evaluate the pupil dark response in 178 eyes of 89 normal human volunteers (ages 18–75 years). The time course of pupil dilation was similar in volunteers of all ages, even though the average pupil area became progressively smaller with increasing age.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688209011627

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The pupil dark response and maintenance of pupil area in darkness were compared in seven narcoleptic patients and 14 age-matched normal volunteers. Onset and degree of miosis after maximal pupil dilation in darkness were similar in the two groups, although three narcoleptic patients and no normal volunteers fell asleep during the experiment. The results of this study-contradict earlier suggestions that pupillography can be used to distinguish normal individuals in family studies of narcoleptic patients.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688209011628

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Posterior subcapsular cataracts (PSC) are associated with hereditary retinal dystrophy in the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rat model and with human retinitis pigmentosa. The relationship of lens and retinal pathology has never been explained. Previous studies of pink-eyed RCS rats aged 2.5 to 11 months had shown an incidence of cataract of 24% when observed by the unaided eye and 60% by direct ophthalmoscopy, while 40% of rats were considered to have clear lenses. Unlike the retinal degeneration, which appeared in all homozygous animals, cataract seemed not to be predictably associated with therdymutation. To test this further, we studied the lenses of rats of different ages with a diagnostic slitlamp. We confirmed that by 8 to 15 months of age, rats fed a diet containing recommended concentrations of all known nutrients for rodents developed cataracts with an incidence of 23% when observed by unaided eye. In addition, opacities were seen in 74% with the indirect ophthalmoscope and 20 D lens; but 100% had at least a“ugar grain”type PSC by slitlamp. The slitlamp-detectable cataract was first seen in some animals by 49 days, and by 56 days all rats examined had bilateral PSC. This is an age at which the rod photoreceptors have degenerated. We concluded that slitlamp-detectable PSC are predictably associated with the retinal dystrophy of therdymutation. The RCS rat model may be relevant to a type of retinal degeneration having a constant association of cataract.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688209011629

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A new method has been developed for the conjugation of rat lens glutathione by 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB). This reaction is catalysed by glutathione S-transferase present in the lens. One milliliter of 1 mM CDNB per two rat lenses conjugates more than 95% of the lens GSH in 30 min at 37d`. Lenses incubated with 1 mM CDNB for 30 min, followed by incubation in the culture medium without CDNB remained apparently clear for up to 24 hrs. The CDNB treated lenses were more susceptible to protein precipitation (cataract formation) when challenged with oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anions.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688209011630

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The interaction between several adrenergic agonists (epinephrine, norepinephrine and isoproterenol) and relatively specific beta1- and beta2-antagonists has been examined on fluid permeability of the isolated rabbit ciliary epithelium. A specific beta1-antagonist (metoprolol) had little effect on the permeability increase induced by the agonists, whereas butoxamine (a specific beta2-antagonist) caused an inhibition of the normal agonist-induced permeability increase. The data suggest that these three adrenergic agonists primarily affect the beta2-receptor in the ciliary epithelium in order to induce their effects on fluid permeability.

ISSN:0271-3683    

DOI:10.3109/02713688209011631

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor