摘要:

Within the context of the chemical industry, optimization is defined as “the process of matching production to the needs of the market place at lowest production cost”. Process optimization is concerned with the selection of the most appropriate technological design of the process and with controlling its operation to obtain maximum benefit. The role of radioactive tracers in process optimization is discussed and the various circumstances under which such techniques may be beneficially applied are identified. Case studies are presented which illustrate how radioisotopes may be used:

ISSN:0021-1915    

DOI:10.1080/10256018908624078

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0021-1915    

DOI:10.1080/10256018908624079

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A method for the determination of mixing times was developed and tested in a model Nauta mixer filled with sand.128I-labelled sand particles were used as radiotracer and the progress of the mixing process was monitored with two externally situated radiation detectors. The variance of the radiation intensity decreases with time until a constant value is reached indicating an equilibrium mixture of tracer and sand. The time necessary to achieve this condition (mixing time) appears to be dependent on the rotational speed of the hopper as well as the screw of the mixer. Optimal mixing performance (shortest mixing time) corresponds to the maximal rotational speeds of both rotating parts of the mixer.

ISSN:0021-1915    

DOI:10.1080/10256018908624080

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Flotation benefication of polymetallic ores in the Polish Lower Silesian Basin was taken as an example for the optimization of copper ore processing using radioactive tracer. An original stochastic mathematical model (stream model) was proposed to minimize copper losses in tailing. A detailed procedure of measurement was presented as well as the experimental data and their interpretation. On the basis of this research copper losses in tailing were reduced to one third.

ISSN:0021-1915    

DOI:10.1080/10256018908624081

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In obtaining the necessary information for process optimization radiotracer and radiogauging methods are often applied. They may be summarized as

ISSN:0021-1915    

DOI:10.1080/10256018908624082

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A simple mathematical model is proposed and optimum operating conditions by the help of the model parameters are defined. The impulse response (residence time distribution) of the crushed grain, product quality and the total energy consumption under various operation conditions (number of hammer rows, number of hammers in a row, mesh size of screen, velocity and output of the mill were used as variables) was studied on a model device of a hammer mill. The radiotracer was used for the experimental verification of the model and for the determination of a holdup (the magnitude of the rotating grist layer) on the pilot scale and partly also on the full-scale mills. The impulse responses were influenced by transport processes behind the screen. This effect had to be taken into account during the analysis of experimental data. The method of a non-linear regression analysis was applied for the evaluation of parameters of the mathematical model.

ISSN:0021-1915    

DOI:10.1080/10256018908624083

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In this paper are described the methods for the treatment of experimental curves obtained in field experiments with tracers. Examples concerning the identification of experimental curves to a mathematical model are given and discussed.

ISSN:0021-1915    

DOI:10.1080/10256018908624084

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In this paper are described the experiments carried out with radioactive tracers on Fluidized Cracking Catalytic (F.C.C.) plants. The tracers used are41Ar and79Kr for gas and140La for the catalyst. Results obtained on different parts of the F.C.C. plant are given.

ISSN:0021-1915    

DOI:10.1080/10256018908624085

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A process optimization of large-scale production plant for the manufacture of aereted concrete was realized by means of tracer techniques. The behaviour of all components which were labelled with short-lived radionclides such as18F,21Na,42K,43Sc and110La were investigated both in a 3-chamber ball mill and in a wet mixer. The optimization of the, process led to new technological developments.

ISSN:0021-1915    

DOI:10.1080/10256018908624086

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Residence time spectra and material distributions in an operating caprolactam production plant were measured by means of sodium 24, bromine 82 and technetium 99m. The results of the tracerexperiments contributed to an optimization of the plant.

ISSN:0021-1915    

DOI:10.1080/10256018908624087

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor