摘要:

The purpose of this study was to determine whether aspirin or acetaminophen would significantly reduce delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and blood levels of creatine kinase (CK), a marker of muscle tissue damage, after an unaccustomed bout of, eccentric exercise. Thirty‐six untrained men were randomly assigned to an aspirin (3.0 g/day), acetaminophen (3.0 g/day), or placebo group in a double‐blind fashion. Drug or placebo administration began 48 hours before exercise and continued to 72 hours after exercise. Each subject performed the eccentric phase of a supine bench press at a resistance equivalent to 120% of maximum concentric strength, 1 RM (4 sets, 12 repetitions/set). A subjective sensation score of DOMS (1 = normal, 10 = very sore) and serum CK activity were measured before and at 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours after exercise, using a repeated measures ANOVA. No significant group differences (p>0.05) were found in perception of soreness; a significant time effect was observed (p0.05). Serum aspirin and acetaminophen concentrations, assessed before exercise and at 48 hours after, were each within the therapeutic range. These results indicate that administration of aspirin and acetaminophen does not reduce the DOMS and CK response to eccentric exercise.

ISSN:1057-8315    

DOI:10.1080/15438629509512039

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This study investigated physiological, anthropometrical, and training characteristics of off‐road competitive cyclists, and the relationship between these variables and off‐road race performance. Eighteen male cyclists (ages 16 to 35 years) participated in the study. The subjects were divided into two groups for further comparison. Group 1 consisted of 10 cyclists classified as expert and pro‐am racers and group 2 of cyclists classified as intermediate racers. Performance times on each subject from two sanctioned races, one uphill race, and one 28 mile cross country race were obtained. The results showed that these cyclists each had high VO2maxvalue (67.2 ml.kg1.min1), low relative body fat (10.5%), and ventilatory characteristics comparable with data from road cyclists, previously reported. There were no significant correlations between any of the physiological, anthropo‐metric, or training characteristics and race performance, for either race. The only significant difference between the groups was relative body fat (8.9% versus 12.3%). These data show that competitive off‐road cyclists have physiological characteristics comparable to other cyclists. However, performance times were not related to VO2maxor ventilatory threshold, nor to any other physiological variable measured. This is in contrast to data previously reported on other cyclists, suggesting that off‐road cycle performance is to a large extent dependent on variables other than aerobic power.

ISSN:1057-8315    

DOI:10.1080/15438629509512040

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The clinical and laboratory course of 68 men with chest pain suggestive of coronary heart disease with normal or narrow wall irregularities only on coronary arteriograms was followed for 5 to 11.7 years. In all patients graded bicycle exercise test was stopped at a symptom‐or a sign‐limited endpoint of work, and coronary arteriography was performed. Fifty patients were reexamined 8.4±2.4 years later by the work stress test only. On reevaluation, there was no significant difference in mean tolerated power output, in limiting oxygen consumption, or in limiting heart rate. Mean values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure both at rest and at the limiting symptoms for work and the mean limiting value of the rate‐pressure product index were significantly higher on reevaluation (p≤0.02 to 0.001). However, the mean limiting value of lactic acid was significantly lower (p≤0.001). On reevaluation, 23 patients (46%) reported clinical improvement, 16 (32%) no change, and 11 (22%) complained of worsening of chest pain. In about one third chest pain had subsided. During the follow‐up period, a fresh Q‐wave myocardial infarction appeared in one. Seven patients developed diabetes mellitus of the nonin‐sulin dependent type. In accordance with the data from the literature, it may be concluded that in men with chest pains and normal or minimal findings on coronary arteriography, long‐term prognosis is favorable, and the incidence of significant coronary heart disease is low. Additionally, the authors observed a good long‐term function of the cardiopulmonary system demonstrated by these patients.

ISSN:1057-8315    

DOI:10.1080/15438629509512041

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Abdominal muscle strength and endurance are widely assessed by means of a timed 1‐minute full sit‐up test, despite the more accepted use of half sit‐ups as a muscular strength and endurance exercise. In the present study, the validity and reliability of a 1‐minute half sit‐up protocol was investigated. A total of 142 different subjects participated in one of four studies designed to assess test‐retest reliability, interapparatus reliability, intertester reliability, and validity. Findings included very high test‐retest reliability (r = 0.98), moderately high interapparatus reliability (r = 0.71), and high intertester reliability (r = 0.76). The correlation of the half sit‐up test with the full sit‐up test of the National YMCA was 0.67 and the correlation with isometric abdominal strength was 0.38. The proposed half sit‐up test was found to be reliable and is proposed as an alternative method of evaluating abdominal strength and endurance.

ISSN:1057-8315    

DOI:10.1080/15438629509512042

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The carotenoid crocetin has been shown to relieve the hypoxic condition caused by many diseases. Since hypoxia is also a limiting factor in endurance performance, this study evaluated the effect of crocetin administration on exercise endurance. Eleven treadmill trained rats were randomly divided into an experimental or control group. Sixty minutes prior to exhaustive exercise, the exercise group received a 0.3 mL intraperitoneal injection of 0.2 mg crocetin/kg body weight, and the control group received a placebo injection. The experimental group improved running time by 18±3 minutes (ttest, p≤0.01) and showed a reduction in postexercise blood lactate concentration by 1.84±0.52 mM(ttest, p≤0.01). The results demonstrate that crocetin increased exercise endurance and decreased blood lactate concentration in trained rats. The mechanism of action may be that, by increasing oxygen diffusion, crocetin enhanced aerobic production of adenosine triphosphate while reducing anaerobic adenosine triphosphate production during exercise.

ISSN:1057-8315    

DOI:10.1080/15438629509512043

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

To compare individual peculiarities in hormone responses and glucose pattern during prolonged exercise, 34 untrained persons and 27 endurance athletes performed a 2‐hour exercise test on a bicycle with an ergometer at the level of 60% maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). Serial blood samples were taken through a venous catheter before exercise, at 10, 26, 30, 60, and 120 minutes of exercise and 1,6, and 24 hours after the cessation of exercise. Serum glucose, corticotropin, cortisol, somatotropin, and insulin concentrations were determined. In 79% of cases a slight initial decrease of 0.7±0.23 mM in untrained and of 0.6±0.31 mM in trained subjects was observed in the blood glucose concentration. In half of these subjects an increase over the initial concentration followed after 30 to 60 minutes of exercise. Despite the stable euglycemic level of the mean concentration during the succeeding stages of exercise, individual analysis indicated the existence of five variant glucose patterns: (1) an initial decrease followed by a slight elevation (in 12% of untrained persons and 41% of athletes); (2) a steady level below the initial value throughout exercise (in 50% of untrained persons and 30% of athletes); (3) an initial increase followed by a slight decrease (in 12% of untrained persons and 7% of athletes); (4) a steady level slightly above the initial value throughout exercise (in 12% of untrained persons and 11% of athletes); and (5) an initial decrease followed by a slight elevation and then by a decline (in 11% of untrained persons and 14% of athletes). The distribution of persons between these variants did not depend on the fitness level. In the case of an initial increase in glucose concentration, a substantial rise in blood somatotropin level was observed during the first 30 minutes of exercise. A lag period in the rise of somatotropin level was common for some of the cases with an initial decrease in glucose concentration. When the initial increase was followed by a decrease in glucose concentration, a diminution in somatotropin concentration began during the second half of the first hour (in other cases it occurred within the second hour of exercise) and was more pronounced than in persons with a different glucose pattern. The highest somatotropin concentration was observed in the case of a steady glucose concentration being maintained initially and throughout exercise. Insulin dynamics were similar in all variants of the blood glucose pattern. During the postexercise recovery period, an elevated insulin concentration was detected in conjunction with a maintained euglycemia. When the postexercise increase of insulin concentration was not found, an augmented glucose level was shown either at the 6th or at the 24th hour after the cessation of exercise.

ISSN:1057-8315    

DOI:10.1080/15438629509512044

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

To assess the frequency with which patients at an orthopedic physical therapy clinic specializing in sports medicine experience clinically meaningful psychological distress, 200 consecutive patients were administered a standardized measure of psychopathology. Patients varied in terms of diagnosis, stage of rehabilitation, and level of athletic involvement. The physical therapist and athletic trainer responsible for the rehabilitation of a patient rated a patient's behavior during rehabilitation sessions. Approximately 19% of patients reported a clinical level of psychological distress. Most patients demonstrated few overt signs of a maladaptive psychological response to injury. The physical therapist or athletic trainer rating was not significantly correlated with a patient's self‐reported psychological distress. It was concluded that psychological distress occurs infrequently among patients at a sports medicine clinic, but with sufficient regularity to warrant concern.

ISSN:1057-8315    

DOI:10.1080/15438629509512045

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The complex nature of positive and negative work often practiced in human activity is apparent in the current literature on the topic. Much theoretical effort has been expended on examination of the positive and negative work relationships during exercise, particularly as numerous differences between the effect of a concentric and eccentric muscular contraction exist. These differences range from the force able to be exerted and energy cost of the effort in each type of muscle action, physiological response to the difference in efficiency between the two types of work, the ratings of perceived exertion elicited, and the role of each type of contraction in the precipitation of a muscle injury and the relative contribution of each to a training effect. This review examines the complex nature of positive and negative work and our current understanding of these complex issues.

ISSN:1057-8315    

DOI:10.1080/15438629509512046

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:1057-8315    

DOI:10.1080/15438629509512038

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor