摘要:

Better control of diabetes mellitus through exercise has been shown in a number of scientific studies in recent years both in diabetes journals, and sports medicine publications. Persons afflicted with insulin‐dependent diabetes are sometimes unaware of the potential benefits associated with exercise. The purpose of this review article is to highlight diabetes components, proper management techniques, and also give information relating to the different types of exercise available, such as aerobic conditioning, flexibility benefits, strength training, and their contributions towards diabetes management for both individual fitness programs, and in sports performances.

ISSN:1057-8315    

DOI:10.1080/15438628909511873

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The surgical technique of repairing torn menisci in the human knee is constantly undergoing change. A recently employed procedure involves repairing specific peripheral repairs via the arthroscope. It is therefore the responsibility of the athletic trainer and physical therapist to recognize and understand this new technique, and adapt the athlete's rehabilitation program accordingly. Although the rehabilitation period for the repair is considerably longer than for the removal procedure, the long term advantages of preventing degenerative changes often outweighs the short term speed of recovery.

ISSN:1057-8315    

DOI:10.1080/15438628909511874

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the relationship between the scores of young cross country runners on the Self‐Motivation Inventory (SMI) and their performance and severity of injury during a single season of competition. Although no relationship was found between the SMI and performance, a strong relationship was discovered between SMI scores and severe, season‐ending injuries, particularly in females.

ISSN:1057-8315    

DOI:10.1080/15438628909511875

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The purpose of our study was to evaluate the differences in exercise performance on the cycle and rowing ergometers associated with training in collegiate women rowers. We postulated that improvement in a nonspecific activity, such as cycling, would predominantly reflect training adaptations in the cardiovascular system, whereas physiological gains in rowing would represent combined cardiovascular and muscular adaptations. Seven members (mean±SD: age = 20±1 yr) of the women's varsity rowing team of Dartmouth College were tested at the start (November) and completion (May) of the training season. Incremental exercise testing was performed on successive days in random order on the cycle (Monark‐Crescent AB, Varberg, Sweden) and rowing (Concept II, Morrisville, VT) ergometers. After six months of training: 1) maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) increased significantly for both cycling (+6 percent) and rowing (+12 percent); and 2) oxygen consumption (VO2) at the ventilatory threshold (VT) increased significantly for both cycling (+5 percent) and rowing (+23 percent). Comparison of the absolute changes in VO2maxand VO2(VT) showed that these physiological parameters increased significantly more for rowing than cycling(p<0.05). We conclude that the increments in VO2maxand VO2(VT) with training for competitive collegiate rowers reflect adaptations in both the cardiovascular and muscular systems. The greater physiological improvements with rowing compared to cycling presumably represent training‐induced changes in the specific muscles used in rowing. Comparative exercise testing may help to delineate possible specificity of training effects.

ISSN:1057-8315    

DOI:10.1080/15438628909511876

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In this study the relationship between self‐concept, locus of control, and the severity of injury in freshmen collegiate varsity football athletes was investigated. Subjects (N = 40) completed the Tennessee Self‐Concept Scale (TSCS) (Fitts, 1972) and Rotter's (1966) Internal‐External (I‐E) Locus of Control Scale. Pearson product‐moment correlations were calculated between scores on these tests and the severity of athletic injury as measured by total number of days of participation missed. Results showed a significant negative correlation between self‐concept and severity of injury and a significant positive correlation between locus of control and severity of injury. Results also showed that low self‐concept in combination with an external locus of control was significantly related to injury severity. More attention needs to be given to the psychological factors of injury incidence for athletes who may experience feelings of helplessness and low self‐concept such as freshmen collegiate athletes.

ISSN:1057-8315    

DOI:10.1080/15438628909511877

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The high frequency of recurrent respiratory infections following“overtraining”; in competitive athletes prompted this study to examine the effects of severe exercise on the mucosal immune response. A previous study from this laboratory demonstrated decreased salivary IgA levels after a 50‐km national Nordic ski competition. To further elucidate the specific role of exercise rather than environmental conditions(e.g., cold), we studied competitive bicyclists under controlled laboratory conditions. Eight male bicyclists exercised at 70‐75 percent of VO2max for two hours, and parotid saliva was collected immediately before and after, and 1,24 and 48 hours after exercise. Both salivary IgA and IgM levels decreased immediately after exercise (63 and 44 percent decreases, respectively), remained low for one hour, and returned to pre‐exercise levels by 24 hours after exercise. Salivary IgG, serum IgA, IgG, and IgM levels, and serum antibodies to specific antigens were not changed after exercise, indicating a specific effect on secretory immunoglobulins. These results suggest that severe exercise may be a form of stress associated with changes in mucosal immunity.

ISSN:1057-8315    

DOI:10.1080/15438628909511878

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Current literature classifies popliteus tendinitis as a rare injury, yet the diagnostic criteria that distinguish this disorder from the very common running injury called iliotibial band friction syndrome are far from clear. A functional anatomical review of the popliteus muscle/tendon units (PMTU) finds several correlates that could account for the confusion. The PMTU is found to be active during most of flexion, its functions include internal rotation of the tibia on the femur, retraction of the lateral meniscus, prevention of forward displacement of the femur on the tibia, and stabilization of the knee during flexion. The etiology and clinical manifestations of several lateral knee pain disorders are very similar, and current examination techniques may not clearly distinguish the pathologic diagnosis. The suggested treatment for popliteus tendinitis is similar to other lateral knee pain disorders, further confusing any diagnosis based on the results of therapeutic trials. Further research in this area is suggested.

ISSN:1057-8315    

DOI:10.1080/15438628909511879

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This study aimed to determine if morphology and biochemistry of skeletal muscle relate to anaerobic or aerobic capacities or to components of vertical jumping ability. Five power and seven endurance athletes were assessed for VO2max, vertical jump and alactacid (AAC) and lactacid (ALC) capacities. They were then biopsied (m. vastus lat.) and samples were examined for distribution of fast glycolytic (FG), fast oxidative glycolytic (FOG) and slow oxidative (SO) fibers. Fiber diameters and activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), citrate synthase (CS) and hydroxyacyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (HAD) were also determined. Endurance athletes were clearly differentiated from power athletes on the classical bases of fiber distribution and enzyme activity and by means of VO2max. Power athletes had significantly larger mean diameters of. all muscle fiber types and greater means for all components of vertical jumping performance,i.e., jumping height, maximal exerted strength, and acceleration impulse. The VO2max was negatively related to ALC and to all components of the vertical jump. The components of vertical jump were positively related to AAC and ALC and to the ratios (FG+FOG)/SO and LDH/CS. Greater SO diameter was associated with decreased CS activity and VO2max, and with increased LDH activity.

ISSN:1057-8315    

DOI:10.1080/15438628909511880

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In order to evaluate the changes induced by two different competitive sport activities on the cardiovascular performance without influences due to recent training, we studied 10 weightlifters (WL), 10 bicyclists (B) and 10 controls (C) matched for age (WL: 24.4±6.9; B: 21.3±3.5; C: 23.3±6.6 years) and body surface area (WL: 1.99±0.2; B: 1.78±0.3; C: 1.88±0.2 mq).The athletes studied did not perform any sporting activity in the three months preceding this study.Subjects were studied both at rest and during isometric stress (hand‐grip) by radionuclide angiocardiography and M‐mode and Two‐dimensional echocardiography.We found that a medium term period of no training does not remove the cardiovascular differences between the two kinds of athlete studied, either at rest or during isometric stress.

ISSN:1057-8315    

DOI:10.1080/15438628909511881

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:1057-8315    

DOI:10.1080/15438628909511872

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor