ISSN:0300-7995    

DOI:10.1185/03007997309111673

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryLorazepam (Wy 4036; 7-chloro-5-[o-chlorophenyl]-3-hydroxy-1, 3-dihydro-2H-1, 4-benzodiazepin-2-one) is a new minor tranquillizer of the benzodiazepine class. Compared with a number of other benzodiazepines, lorazepam was the most potent agent tested in a variety of potentially predictive anti-anxiety tests: i.e. treadmill avoidance studies, fighting mice and conditioned suppression learning tests. In addition, lorazepam exhibited potent anticonvulsant activity against metrazol convulsions and electroshock seizures.Motor inco-ordination or ataxia was a prominent feature of the benzodiazepine drugs, but the separation of 'effective' and depressive doses of lorazepam, in the above tests, suggested there is likely to be a wide separation of anti-anxiety and sedative doses in man.The demonstration that lorazepam was the most effective benzodiazepine tested in suppressing fear-conditioning in rats means that the drug is likely to cause amnesia for unpleasant, essentially painful experiences. This action was not associated with analgesia. These results provide good evidence for the 'specificity' of lorazepam's anti-anxiety potential, and support the lack of toxicity of the compound.In behavioural studies in monkeys, lorazepam produced long periods of obvious sedation at doses which caused only minimal initial episodes of pronounced depression, as measured by the animal's toleration of being placed in lateral recumbency. Since in man it has been shown that only minimal cardiovascular effects occur at doses of lorazepam causing long periods of hypnosis, the pronounced cardiovascular depression observed in animal experiments is probably of little importance.The results of drug-interaction experiments between lorazepam and thiopentone sodium suggest that although potentiation occurs, a change in the amount of thiopentone required to induce anaesthesia is likely to be necessary only after doses of lorazepam are used which are larger than those envisaged for clinical use.Whilst lorazepam exhibited muscle relaxant properties in its own right, intermediate in potency between that of diazepam and oxazepam, in whole animal experiments, there was no evidence in decerebrate cats to show that lorazepam or diazepam either potentiate or reduce the effects of the skeletal neuromuscular blocking agents, suxamethonium or gallamine, with regard to either their intensity or duration of action.In other experiments, it was found that alteration of the analgesic action of morphine by lorazepam is unlikely to be of practical significance when these agents are used concurrently in man. In addition, observations in rats and mice provided evidence that an interaction of lorazepam given initially and morphine subsequentially is unlikely with therapeutic doses in man. In fact, the results indicate that any interaction of excessive doses of lorazepam is likely to be beneficial or protective rather than adverse.

ISSN:0300-7995    

DOI:10.1185/03007997309111674

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryLorazepam, in doses sufficient to impair the critical flicker frequency, disc-dotting performance, reaction times or visuomotor co-ordination did not influence visual function, implying a specific CNS action for this agent.

ISSN:0300-7995    

DOI:10.1185/03007997309111675

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryA double-blind controlled trial of two benzodiazepine tranquillizers is described. Seventy-three patients suffering from uncomplicated anxiety states were included in the trial. The drugs concerned were lorazepam in three dosages 0.5 mg., 1.0 mg., and 1.5 mg., compared with diazepam and a placebo, each dosage being administered three times a day. Statistical analysis suggested that lorazepam in 1.0 and 1.5 mg. dosages was superior to diazepam (5 mg.) and placebo, and that the most effective dosage was 1.0 mg. Side-effects were similar in all groups, and generally mild.

ISSN:0300-7995    

DOI:10.1185/03007997309111676

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryTwenty-two patients suffering from anxiety of varying degrees took part in a double-blind crossover trial to compare the anxiolytic effect of lorazepam 1 mg. q.i.d. with that of diazepam 5 mg. q.i.d. The results indicate that lorazepam has a significantly superior effect with few side-effects and a large safety margin.

ISSN:0300-7995    

DOI:10.1185/03007997309111677

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryIn a limited double-blind pilot trial, lorazepam was clearly superior to placebo in improving phobic symptoms. Sedative side-effects were fewer than with diazepam.

ISSN:0300-7995    

DOI:10.1185/03007997309111678

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryClinical experience of lorazepam (2.5 mg.) as a hypnotic, compared with amylobarbitone sodium (200 mg.) is described in 12 elderly demented patients. The results suggest that 2.5 mg. lorazepam is a very effective hypnotic in the elderly but that a lower dosage is advisable because of the high incidence of post-hypnotic sedation.In order to determine the dependence liability, a small study on 16 in-patients receiving single doses of 2.5 mg. lorazepam at night revealed no side-effects attributable to abrupt withdrawal of the drug after 2 to 3-week periods of continuous use in this dosage.Clinical impressions gained over a period of time in treating patients with neurotic disorders suggest that 1 mg. lorazepam t.d.s. is most closely comparable to diazepam in 5 mg. dosage, but somewhat less likely to cause over-sedation in anxious patients. It is considered, however, that this 1 to 5 ratio is not necessarily reproduceable in terms of simple sedative effects at higher dose levels, e.g. 2.5 mg. lorazepam appears to be a more effective hypnotic than 12.5 mg. diazepam. It is concluded that lorazepam must be regarded as an important addition to the range of drugs used in the treatment of neurotic disorders.

ISSN:0300-7995    

DOI:10.1185/03007997309111679

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryLorazepam has been used during the past two years to treat approximately 250 hospital patients suffering from symptoms of anxiety and tension. In-patients and outpatients of all ages have been treated. The average dosage range was 0.5 to 5 mg. lorazepam t.d.s. The highest daily dose was 30 mg.; the longest duration of treatment almost 2 years. Distinct improvement in symptoms such as anxiety, restlessness, agitation, tension, irritability and insomnia has been noted in about 70% of patients with very few side-effects. Typical case histories are discussed. It is concluded that lorazepam is an effective, extremely well-tolerated drug, particularly suitable for out-patients provided the dosage is carefully adjusted.

ISSN:0300-7995    

DOI:10.1185/03007997309111680

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryThe author outlines his clinical experiences with the use of lorazepam since Autumn 1971, in approximately 150 adult male and female psychiatric patients. Typical case histories are given. The importance of increasing the dosage of lorazepam gradually where ambulant patients are concerned is stressed. The author suggests that, in his experience, lorazepam suppresses anxiety better and faster than other benzodiazepines or the phenothiazines.

ISSN:0300-7995    

DOI:10.1185/03007997309111681

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryThe author discusses his clinical experiences with lorazepam in young female patients suffering from neurotic and psychotic anxiety. These are illustrated by 5 case studies. Dosages ranged from 2.5 mg. to 5 mg. t.d.s. Side-effects encountered were very few in number and no adverse reactions were recorded in any of the studies illustrated.

ISSN:0300-7995    

DOI:10.1185/03007997309111682

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor