摘要:

SummaryRepresentative studies which elucidate present treatment principles regarding parenteral administration of neuroleptics for acute psychoses with agitation are reviewed.‘Rapid tranquillization’with drugs such as haloperidol generally appears preferable, but controlled comparisons with more conservative types of treatment are lacking. It is suggested that parenteral chlorpromazine should be avoided because of its tendency to provoke severe hypotension, whereas loxapine apparently is a valuable drug if strong sedation is required for behavioural control. Possible advantages of ultra-high-dose therapy need to be proved in controlled trials, and the occurrence of toxic side-effects requires further evaluation. From an ethical and psychological point of view, it is recommended that antiparkinsonian medication should be administered simultaneously with neuroleptics which induce a high incidence of acute dystonia. Several types of acute psychosis with agitation which do not require treatment with a neuroleptic as drug treatment of first choice are briefly mentioned.

ISSN:0300-7995    

DOI:10.1185/03007997809110193

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryA double-blind, randomized, multicentre trial was carried out in 47 psychotic patients to evaluate the efficacy of oral treatment with loxapine compared with perphenazine. In total, 22 patients were included in diagnostic Group I (cases of acute schizophrenia and psychogenic (reactive) psychoses). The average maximum daily dose was 60.0 mg in the loxapine group and 36.8 mg in the perphenazine group. After 3-weeks' treatment, no significant differences were found between the two treatment groups according to the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Clinical Global Impression (CGI) Scale or side-effect records. Twenty-five patients were included in diagnostic Group II (cases of chronic schizophrenia). The average daily dosage was 81.1 mg in the loxapine group and 90.1 mg in the perphenazine group. After 10 to 12-weeks' treatment, no significant differences between the two treatment groups could be found according to BPRS, CGI scale, Nurses' Observation Scale for In-patient Evaluation (NOSIE) or side-effect records. The diastolic blood pressure (lying and standing) tended to increase slightly in both treatment groups. In conclusion, it was found that loxapine and perphenazine seemed to be equally effective and, based on experience with parenteral loxapine treatment, it is suggested that further investigation of oral loxapine should be carried out in psychotic patients in whom agitation is a feature.

ISSN:0300-7995    

DOI:10.1185/03007997809110194

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryRecent investigations have revealed that erythrocytes from patients with chronic arterial occlusive disease are significantly less deformable than red blood cells from healthy subjects. The influence of pentoxifylline on red blood cell fluidity was measured by a standard filtration technique using 8μm membrane filters. Impaired deformability of erythrocytes was significantly improved in patients suffering from peripheral vascular disorders following intravenous injection of 200 mg pentoxifylline. Studies on reduced red cell deformability induced by hyperosmolarity in vitro showed that pentoxifylline (4 and 20μg/ml) produced a dose-dependent improvement both in blood from healthy subjects and from patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease. The results suggest that the positive therapeutic effect of pentoxifylline in peripheral arterial occlusive disease is mediated by improving red cell fluidity in the microcirculation.

ISSN:0300-7995    

DOI:10.1185/03007997809110195

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryNefopam (90 mg), an analgesic, was compared with placebo in a double-blind trial in patients who had undergone total abdominal hysterectomy operations. Analgesic activity was assessed by patients rating their pain before and 1 hour after administration of each treatment, by sequential analysis of patient and observer preference for treatment, and by calculation of the time interval between doses of the two treatments. Nefopam was found by observer preference to be significantly better than placebo in relieving post-operative pain. In patients with severe initial pain, the time between doses after nefopam was significantly longer than after placebo.

ISSN:0300-7995    

DOI:10.1185/03007997809110196

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryAn open study was carried out in general practice to assess the effectiveness and tolerance of labetalol in the treatment of 53 difficult hypertensive patients, most of whom had failed to respond to previous hypotensive therapy. The results showed that in the 49 patients receiving treatment for more than 3 months good blood pressure control was readily achieved, and with labetalol alone in all but 6 of them. The majority were controlled on doses ranging from 300 to 600 mg per day. Treatment was discontinued in 3 patients because of severe side-effects. Mild, tolerable side-effects, similar to those found with beta-adrenergic blocking agents, were reported by 35 patients.

ISSN:0300-7995    

DOI:10.1185/03007997809110197

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryGliclazide is an oral hypoglycaemic agent which has been shown in animal models to reduce platelet adhesiveness. In this study, 50 patients with maturity onset diabetes treated with gliclazide (80 mg/day) were followed up for 6 months to 1 year to assess the effect on platelet adhesiveness and control of blood sugar. A significant fall in mean platelet adhesiveness from 29% before treatment to 19.5% after 1 year (p<0.001) was achieved without any deleterious effect on normal haemostasis. The drug was well tolerated and achieved a satisfactory control of blood sugar levels at the dosages used.

ISSN:0300-7995    

DOI:10.1185/03007997809110198

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryAn open study was carried out in 21 chronic alcoholics with severe withdrawal symptoms and incipient delirium tremens to evaluate the efficacy of adjuvant treatment with intramuscular lorazepam (5 mg). All symptoms subsided within 2 hours after a single injection and remained under control with oral lorazepam (mean daily dose 7 mg). No adverse reactions attributable to lorazepam were observed.

ISSN:0300-7995    

DOI:10.1185/03007997809110199

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryA double-blind controlled trial was carried out in 37 patients with oesophagitis, confirmed endoscopically and histologically, to compare the efficacy of treatment with a carbenoxolone) alginate antacid combination with that of the alginate antacid compound used alone. The total daily dosage of carbenoxolone was 100 mg. During the 8-week period of the trial patients were seen every 2 weeks and endoscoped at 4 and 8 weeks. Response to treatment was assessed symptomatically and endoscopically using 6-point grading scales, and multiple oesophageal biopsies were taken at each endoscopy. The addition of carbenoxolone to the alginate antacid compound was shown to enhance symptomatic relief and to increase healing of oesophagitis and oesophageal ulceration significantly. No serious side-effects were reported in either group. Although there were a number of biochemical or clinical abnormalities recorded, none required any alteration in treatment.

ISSN:0300-7995    

DOI:10.1185/03007997809110200

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryThe effect of carbenoxolone on incorporation of the labelled sugar, (3H) glucosamine, into rat gastric mucosa was examined. Rats were treated with either 25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg or 75 mg/kg carbenoxolone for 10 days. The rats were then killed and the uptake of (3H) glucosamine by gastric mucosal scrapings measured. There was no statistically significant difference in uptake between treated and untreated scrapings. The results do not confirm earlier findings of other investigators which suggested that carbenoxolone promoted gastric ulcer healing by stimulating specific glycosyl transferases to produce a modified mucus.

ISSN:0300-7995    

DOI:10.1185/03007997809110201

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryA gastroscopic study was carried out inpatients with rheumatic disorders to investigate the gastric tolerance of glucamethacin, a new, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. The first stage was a double-blind crossover comparison of the effects of glucamethacin (420 mg/day) and indomethacin (100 mg/day), each given for 15 days in random order to 30 patients. In the second, open stage, 70 such patients, most of whom also had gastrointestinal pathology, received glucamethacin (420 mg/day) for 25 days. The results of endoscopic findings showed that significantly fewer (p<0.05) gastric lesions were produced after treatment with glucamethacin than after indomethacin. In the patients with gastro-duodenal pathology treated only with glucamethacin there was no change in endoscopy findings in 74% of the patients and only slight changes in the others.

ISSN:0300-7995    

DOI:10.1185/03007997809110202

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor