摘要:

AbstractIn a sclerophyll open forest(Eucalyptus obliquaL'Herit‐E. baxteriBenth. association) near Adelaide total mean annual litter fall over a 5‐year period was 233 g/m2dry weight, comprising 190 g/m2of leaves, small twigs, fruits and other small plant parts and 43 g/m2of sticks and logs. Samples of sticks and logs were taken at approximately 12‐weekly intervals and of other litter at approximately 6‐weekly intervals. Maximum rates of leaf fall were in late summer and minimum rates in winter, and a simple harmonic model representing seasonal fluctuations accounted for 61.8% of the variation. The standing crop of litter was 980 g/m2, representing 4.2 years’ mean litter fall.Samples of sticks and logs and of other litter from each sampling occasion were bulked and their content of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Mn, Fe and Cu determined. Seasonal variations were not found in nutrient content of sticks and logs, but for other litter there was a clear harmonic seasonal variation, with rate of litter fall negatively correlated with concentrations of N, P, Zn, Fe and Cu and positively correlated with Ca, Mg and Mn concentrations. Concentrations of K did not correlate with those of other elements. Total annual inputs of nutrients were calculated.Calorific values of the litter showed a mean annual input of approximately 4900 kJ/m2/year.Comparisons were made between litter fall rates and nutrient inputs from litter at the experimental site and previous records from other eucalyp

ISSN:0307-692X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-9993.1978.tb01174.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe amount of litter and its nutrient composition have been measured at seven sites on various lateritic soils within the jarrah(Eucalyptus marginataDonn ex Sm.) forest near Dwellingup, Western Australia. The weight of litter accumulated during 6 years ranges from 9 tonnes/ha for forest growing on yellow sand to 18 tonnes/ha for forest on reddish gravels. The litter on the reddish gravels contains more than twice the amounts of N, P, K and S in litter on yellow sand and grey and yellow gravels.The proportion of fine material in the forest floor litter increases with total litter weight. Phosphorus, which is less mobile than other nutrients tends to accumulate in this fine component.There are large differences between the foliar nutrient levels of jarrah and Banksia grandis Willd. (e.g. P: 0.041%, 0.025%; K: 0.57%, 0.34%; Mg: 0.43%, 0.21%; Mn: 177 μg/g. 730 μg/g). However, these differences are not reflected in the litter from sites with and withoutB. grandisunderstorey. Soil differences and the predominant contribution of the overstorey to the litter appear to be the main factors affecting the litter compositio

ISSN:0307-692X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-9993.1978.tb01175.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe egg‐laying responses of cabbage butterfliesPieris rapae L.to differences in the size, quality and spatial distribution of available oviposition sites, were studied in the laboratory (Australia) and the field (Australia and Canada). Differences on three scales were investigated: between leaves within the same plant, between plants within a patch, and between patches of plants.The butterflies lay most eggs on the larger, older leaves of plants, though the oldest are sometimes avoided. Larger plants also receive more eggs than smaller ones of the same cultivar, but cultivar preferences may override the response to size. The butterflies do not discriminate against plants already bearing eggs or larvae, unless larval feeding damage to the plant is severe. They lay more eggs on young plants than old ones of the same size; plants grown in the lower of two light intensities also received more eggs. Australian butterflies discriminate not only between different species of crucifers, but also between varieties of the same species. This discrimination against less acceptable varieties is just as strong when plants of preferred varieties are not present, as when both varieties occur in the same patch.The observed responses are discussed in relation to the butterflies’ host‐finding behaviour and the adaptive significance of the lack of a response to eggs and larvae is consi

ISSN:0307-692X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-9993.1978.tb01176.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of habitat components (vegetation density at two levels, litter, logs and roads) on the distribution of small mammals was assessed in adjacent areas of native forest andPinus taedaplantation in north‐eastern New South Wales.Rattus fuscipeswas associated with structural complexity in native forest but not in pine plantation where it was found on downslope areas.R. rattuswas associated with windrows in the pine plantation, R. lutreoluswith areas devoid of a shrub layer in the pine plantation, Antechinus stuartiiwith logs andMelomys cervinipeswith habitat components associated with rainforest areas. Road crossing by small mammals was inversely related to road width; roads severely restricted or stopped the movement of small mammals even when the road consisted of a long‐unused and partly overgrown tr

ISSN:0307-692X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-9993.1978.tb01177.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA survey of rabbits collected throughout Victoria showed thatEchidnophagaspp. were present only in the north‐west of Victoria, the Mallee region, in an area bounded by the 400 mm isohyet. There was a correlation with rainfall within this area. Overall, the ratio of male fleas to female fleas was about 0.5:1, peaking at 0.9:1 in late summer or early autumn. The infestation rates of male and female rabbits were similar, although female rabbits were generally more heavily infested than male rabbits. The species collected wereE. myrmecobiiandE. periliswith an occasional specimen ofE. gallinacea. E. periliswas more commonly found in the southern area of the Mallee, andE. myrmecobiiin the northern area. Gravid femaleE. myrmecobiiwere present in every collection but no gravidE. periliswere found during the winter month

ISSN:0307-692X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-9993.1978.tb01178.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDistribution data for 111 mainly sclerophyll forest tree species in southern and eastern Australia were analysed to detect possible phytogeographic provinces. The suitability of fourteen methods of numerical classification was assessed. Overall, the Kulczynski (1927) similarity coefficient together with the flexible clustering strategy (β= 0.25) (Lance&Williams 1967) and the asymmetric information statistic (Dale, Lance&Albrecht 1971) were considered to produce the most satisfactory results

ISSN:0307-692X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-9993.1978.tb01179.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe phytogeographic relationships of 111 mainly sclerophyll forest tree species in southern and eastern Australia are considered. Eighteen floristic provinces are proposed on the basis of numerical analyses and these provinces are compared with previous floristic classifications of the area.

ISSN:0307-692X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-9993.1978.tb01180.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractStatisticians often use statistical analyses involving an experimental design approach with a whole set of assumptions to be satisfied even when the aim of the study and the data would suggest alternative approaches. This note provides an example where knowledge of the distribution of the data and of some of the properties of this distribution allows a simple and adequate analysis and a concise and meaningful presentation of the results.

ISSN:0307-692X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-9993.1978.tb01181.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractVarious approaches to the elucidation of periodicities in biological data sets are reviewed and evaluated. The major periodicity in a data set can be revealed by the correlogram obtained from autocorrelation analyses; knowing the main wavelength from autocorrelation, the proportion of the total variation due to a sinusoidal curve is readily obtained by multiple regression.

ISSN:0307-692X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-9993.1978.tb01182.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Rehabilitation of metalliferous mined areas in Queensland P. S. SattlerCoexistence of carrion breeding Calliphoridae (Diptera) in Western Australia N. Monzu

ISSN:0307-692X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-9993.1978.tb01183.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY