摘要:

FemalePandemis limitata(Robinson)(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) abdominal tips were analyzed and found to containcis-9-tetradecenyl acetate andcis-11-tetradecenyl acetate (9:91 ratio) as pheromone components. Neither compound alone was attractive to ♂P. limitatain field tests, but a 6:94 ratio caught very well, and was significantly more attractive than either 4:96 or 12:88 ratios. Addition of only 6%trans-11-tetradecenyl acetate to the lure almost eliminates trap catch.P. limitatais one of a complex of sympatric New York leafroller species, each of which could maintain non-overlapping communication systems by being maximally attracted to their own conspecific pheromone blend.Pandemis pyrusanaKearfoot also was attracted to theP. limitatapheromone in Washington, andLucania lindaFranclemont (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was lured to a 95:5 ratio ofcis-9/cis-11 in New York.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/5.4.649

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1976

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The frequency and severity of outbreaks of the southern pine beetle,Dendroctonus frontalisZimmerman, appear to be controlled by climatic variations. Monthly tabulations of southern pine beetle activity in eastern Texas were correlated with various climatic variables derived from the Thornthwaite water balance to determine climate-beetle relationships and to develop a predictive technique capable of evaluating future insect activity based upon past climatic conditions.The magnitude of potential evapotranspiration 3 mo prior to the evaluated insect activity represented the most important climatic component within the regression model. In general, the intensity of insect activity was directly related to moisture surplus and deficit, and inversely related to summer potential evapotranspiration. The regression model was tested against the most recent southern pine beetle outbreak data to determine its predictive capabilities. The model predicted the severe outbreak which occurred July 1973, and isolated the climatic trigger mechanisms responsible for the outbreak.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/5.4.653

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1976

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Cocoons of diapausing and nondiapausingBathyplectes curculionis(Thomson) were treated with carbofuran, methoxychlor, methyl parathion, Imidan® and radioactive carbofuran to determine if cocoons were susceptible to insecticide penetration. Cocoons of diapausing individuals were impervious to all materials and dosages tested. Cocoons of nondiapausing individuals did not inhibit penetration of lethal dosages of any compound or dosage used. Our data indicate that insecticides may cause significant mortality of nondiapausingB. curculionisin the field.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/5.4.659

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1976

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Hourly measurements of meteorological conditions and black fly activity were made during daylight periods of 18 days from June 20 through Oct. 18,1975. Analysis of data indicated that the behavior of ♀ simuliids attracted to host-simulation traps is affected by cloud types, light intensity, and time of day. Combinations of such variables as relative humidity, barometric pressure, percentage of cloudcover, and the hourly change in light intensity accounted for less than 25% of simuliid activity at individual trapping sites. Simuliid activity therefore appeared to be more dependent upon unmeasured changes in microhabitat. Models for diurnal activity showed consistent patterns of behavior. Activity was greater in the presence of cumuliform clouds than in the presence of stratiform clouds.SimuliumslossonaeDyar and Shannon, a primary vector ofLeucocytozoon smithiLaveran and Lucet, 1905, in turkeys, was the predominant species at one trap.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/5.4.662

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1976

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

A study was conducted in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas from 1969–73 to help define bollwormH. zea(Boddie) and tobacco budwormH. virescens(F.) population dynamics. A total of 39,277 eggs and 23,396 larvae of Lepidoptera was collected from 95,241 individual plants of weed species and 12,780 row ft of cultivated crops. Budworms peaked in March and constituted over 85% of theHeliothiscollected from July through October. Both species ofHeliothispeaked on tomatoes about mid-April and heavy infestations of budworms occurred again in August. Bollworms peaked in June on cotton whereas budworms increased tremendously the last half of July and remained at high levels during August. Budworms were found on more species of plants than bollworms.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/5.4.666

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1976

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

A 4-yr study of parasitism ofHeliothisspp. [virescens(F.) andzea(Boddie)] showed parasitism of eggs byTrichogrammawas highest in August, September and October (22–46%) and larval parasitism highest in April, May and June (5–6%). Nineteen parasite species were recorded. Beet armyworms were found on 6 cultivated and 5 wild hosts. Diamondback moths were found on 5 cultivated hosts and 9 wild hosts. Two species of Tortricidae,Platynota rostrana(Wlk.) andP. flavedanaClemens, were found on cotton and 4 wild hosts. Parasites reared from beet armyworms and diamondback moths are listed.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/5.4.669

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1976

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

A 4-yr study showed cabbage loopers,Trichoplusia ni(Hübner), and soybean loopers,Pseudoplusia includens(Walker), most abundant in April, July and August. Cabbage loopers were collected from 28 host plant species and soybean loopers from 22 hosts. Total parasitism of loopers was considerable (58–71%) during all but 4 mo of the year. Twentynine parasite species were reared from looper larvae and pupae.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/5.4.672

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1976

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Population studies of the tarnished plant bug (TPB) and selected arthropod predators were conducted in an untreated and in a pesticide-treated orchard in the northern Champlain Valley, VT. At least 2 generations of TPBs were present in 1973 and 1974. There was no significant difference between numbers of TPBs collected in experimental areas in either year.As a result of pesticide use, in 1974 the numbers of arachnids and coccinellids were significantly fewer in the insecticide-treated area. This combination of pesticide use and the cultural control methods used in this area could have influenced the numbers of TPBs remaining on the orchard floor, while predators helped to keep populations in the other 3 experimental areas at similar levels.Plant bug injury to fruit was most severe in the abandoned, untreated orchard area, but fruit damage was more often attributable to other pests.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/5.4.675

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1976

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Our investigations have shown that pupae of the face fly,Musca autumnalisDeGeer, contain a high amount of phosphorus (5.73% dry weight), and protein (53.4% dry weight). A bioassay revealed that the phosphorus is highly available (92–100%), to chickens when used as a feed supplement.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/5.4.680

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1976

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Microctonus aethiopoidesLoan, developed from alfalfa weevils treated with LD50to LD90dosages of carbofuran (Furadan®), methyl parathion, methoxychlor and methidathion (Supracide®), during egg, early larval and late larval stages of parasite development did not differ significantly from the controls in reproductive potential, longevity and progeny sex ratio. However, parasites which survived LD50dosages of these insecticides during adult or pupal stage showed a 25–50% reduction in longevity and 40–60% reduction in reproductive potential. Sex ratio of the progeny again remain unaffected.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/5.4.683

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1976

数据来源: OUP