摘要:

Studies were conducted in the northern Texas rolling plains from mid-September to early November 1977 to 1979 to determine the amount of fall boll weevil,Anthonomus grandis grandisBoheman, mortality occurring in cotton squares. Apparent and real mortalities were determined for the immature boll weevil stages—egg to 1st instar, 2nd to 3rd instar, pupa, and teneral adult—for each weekly field-collected cohort. Total real boll weevil mortality increased from 40 to 70% in early October to 100% by late October each year. Parasites caused a significant amount of indispensable boll weevil mortality during early October, but parasitization was not high enough throughout the fall to effectively control the boll weevil.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/11.2.318

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1982

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

After gradual cold-temperature acclimation, granary weevils,Sitophilus granarius(L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), fed on cut wheat kernels, but not on undamaged kernels, at 4.4°C. Mortality was greater for weevils confined with single, uncut kernels than for those confined with cut kernels, and males died sooner than females.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/11.2.324

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1982

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Eggs and larvae of the first generation ofHeliothisspp. were common in Texas onCastilleja indivisaEnglemann (Texas paintbrush), a previously unreported host plant, andLupinus texensisHooker (Texas bluebonnet). Oviposition was highest at or near the time of peak flowering. Highest mean egg numbers on any sample date were 7.7 and 1.8 eggs per m2onL. texensisin 1979 and 1980, respectively, whereas onC. indivisathe highest mean numbers on any sample date were 7.6 and 5.7 eggs per m2in the same 2 years. Larval numbers averaged 11.2, 7.0, and 2.3 per 100 sweeps onL. texensisin 1978, 1979, and 1980, respectively, with a high of 30 on one sample date. Mean larval numbers in these 3 years onC. indivisawere 11.6, 4.8, and 5.2 per 100 sweeps, the maximum on any sample date being 21.7. Three species ofHeliothis, H. phloxiphagaGrote and Robinson,H. virescens(Fabricius), andH. zea(Boddie), were found. Parasites reared from larvae wereCampoletis sonorensis(Cameron),Exetastessp. nearobscurusCresson,Microplitis croceipes(Cresson), andHexamermissp.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/11.2.327

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1982

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

A total of 106 cultivars of rice,Oryza sativa(L.), introduced, selected, or developed in the United States since the 1700s were evaluated for resistance to rice water weevil,Lissorhoptrus oryzophilusKuschel, larval infestation, and adult foliage feeding in 1979 and 1980. The Phihppine cultivars Bontoc, Finindoc, and Carangiang; Nira, a pure line selection from an unknown Philippine variety: and Dawn, a hybrid with Philippine parents, all had significantly (P30 larvae per core) larval populations.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/11.2.334

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1982

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

A mixture of water and the carrier of Dipel 4L® (3:1) was applied to selected insect predators and a parasite in a controlled laboratory environment. Corrected mortality from the 9.4:liter/ha application never exceeded 2.1% for any species. The 18.7-liter/ha rate resulted in a statistically significant increase in mortality forChrysopa carneaStephens andHippodamla convergensGuérin and Méneville adults 3 and 7 days after treatment, but not forC. carnealarvae orAphytis melinusDe Bach adults. Corrected mortality for the higher application rate never exceeded 13.4% for any species.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/11.2.337

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1982

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Dispersal studies of wild and of irradiated and unirradiated, laboratory-rearedCeratitis capitata(Wiedemann) males were carried out in a 72.7-ha subtropical fruit orchard near Waimanalo, Hawaii. In five releases, 10.6% of 154,590 male flies which were released in the center of the orchard were recovered in all 54 Steiner traps baited with trimedlure. Of the 21,770 wild males unirradiated and released, the recovery was 8.0%. Of the 132,820 laboratory-reared males irradiated with 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 krad and released, the recoveries were 12.7, 11.9, 11.0, 10.0, and 9.2%, respectively. Significantly fewer wild flies than laboratory-reared flies were caught for releases 1 to 3, but there were no differences for releases 4 and 5. More laboratory-reared than wild flies were recovered at almost all distances. In general, the laboratory-reared flies treated with lower irradiation levels flew farther than those treated with the higher levels.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/11.2.339

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1982

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

A model of immature boll weevil,Anthonomus grandisBoheman, mortality as it relates to cotton,Gossypium hirsutumL., bud drying is presented. The model synthesizes the effects of bud size, temperature, and relative humidity on immature survival. Favorable comparisons with two experimental data sets demonstrate that the bud drying mortality model contains the essential components and mechanisms to adequately explain this major (in many regions) contributing factor to immature weevil mortality.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/11.2.344

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1982

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Laboratory-reared irradiated, laboratory-reared nonirradiated, and feral male gypsy moths,Lymantria dispar(L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), were compared for their responses to various doses of the synthetic pheromone (+)-disparlure, and for the periodicity of this response, in a sustained-flight tunnel. The proportions of males responding from each group were not significantly different (P = 0.56). Time of day and pheromone dose were significant in affecting percent male response; male response was greatest during the afternoon at 1300 and 1500 h EST, and at doses of 25 and 50 ng (range 0.01 to 50 ng tested). Response latency periods for males exposed to various doses of ( + )-disparlure were not significantly affected by time of day, but were related inversely to pheromone dose. These results support previous field studies which have shown that laboratory-reared irradiated and nonirradiated males were competitive with feral males.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/11.2.351

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1982

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Field data for life tables of the range caterpillar,Hemileuca oliviaeCockerell, were collected weekly from two sites in Union County, N.M. The wandering-quarter method, a plotless technique, was used to estimate densities of the gregarious early instars. Densities of older life stages were estimated by counting all individuals within randomly established quadrats. Development from egg eclosion (middle of May) to adult took 130 to 160 days. Original populations were reduced at least by 60% by instar IV. Principle factors contributing to mortality included heavy rainfall, poor nutritional quality of grass due to drought, predation, and parasitism by the tachinidExorista mella(Walker).

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/11.2.355

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1982

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Laboratory tests showed thatOrius insidiosus(Say) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) and the common damsel bug,Reduviolus americoferus(Carayon) (Hemiptera: Nabidae), were able to locate and destroy eggs of the potato leafhopper,Empoasca fabae(Harris) (Homoptera: Cicadellidae).O. insidiosusappeared to be the more efficient egg predator. The average daily mortality of leafhopper adults and nymphs attributed to the feeding of the coccinellids,Hippodamia convergensGuerin-Meneville andCoccinella novemnotataHerbst. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), the common green lacewing, Chrysopa carnea Stephens (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), andR. americoferusranged from 1.9 to 3.2, with the exception ofC. carneaadults, which averaged 0.4 nymphs.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/11.2.361

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1982

数据来源: OUP