摘要:

While comparing the development of black vine weevil,Otiorhynchus sulcatus(F.), larvae from Ohio and Washington, it was discovered that the adults' host plant affected Oviposition and development of the progeny. When adults were fed foliage from strawberry,Fragaria × ananassaDuchesne, they produced more eggs, which were slightly more likely to hatch, and their progeny were more likely to develop from larvae to adults than those fed foliage of yew,Taxus mediaRehder. The effect became more pronounced during the 6-mo. development period. This is an important consideration in plant resistance to insects and in large scale rearing of insects on artificial diet.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/9.5.530

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Exposure of larvalCulex pipiens quinquefasciatusSay to 1–30 ppm aqueous solutions of the xanthene dye rose bengal in the presence of visible light caused significant acute mortality. Illumination initiated latent mortality among the pre-imaginal stages in the absence of light following the illumination. No latent mortality occurred at the tested concentrations without prior illumination. Acute and latent mortalities were found to be proportional to rose bengal concentration and light exposure time. Acute LT50values ranged from 1.6–31.0 h; acute LC50values ranged from 0.1–86.1 ppm. Latent LT50values ranged from 0.1–10.1 h; latent LC50values ranged from 0.1–26.9 ppm. Earlier instar larvae were more susceptible than later instars, the acute toxicity for 1st instars being 13-fold greater than for 4th instars, and the latent toxicity to pre-imaginal stages from larvae treated during the 1st instar being 42-fold greater than from those treated as 4th instars. The latent mortality increased the total toxicity of rose bengal by ca. 10-fold over the acute toxicity.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/9.5.533

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Rubber septa and thermoplastic hollow fibers up to 4 weeks in age attracted moths in a comparable manner. In comparisons made with fresh septa after 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks of aging, rubber septa maintained a consistent level of attraction through at least 16 weeks. Placement of the septa in the sticky adhesive did not affect the attraction of the septa over a 9 week period. Liners placed in the tops of traps did not capture any moths, and liners in the trap bottoms became less efficient after 3-4 weeks. This loss can be mainly attributed to monitoring methods which cause the sticky adhesive to be removed as moths are removed from the traps.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/9.5.538

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

On the basis of the numbers of eggs deposited by the bollworm,Heliothis zea(Boddie) in oviposition cages, on bouquets of species of plants comprising the early-season host plant complex in the Delta of Mississippi, crimson cloverTrifolium incarnatumL.,Geranium dissectumL.,G. carolinianumL., black medicMedicago lupulinaL., and early tasseling field com,Zea maysL., were most preferred. However, the order of preference changed as a preferred host matured and/or as another host advanced into a more attractive stage of development.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/9.5.542

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The distribution of Banks grass mite,Oligonychus pratensis(Banks), was studied on corn at Halfway and Pecos, Texas. Adult female mites were counted on every leaf of each sampled plant and results showed that the mites were aggregated on the bottom portions (bottom-most leaf = leaf position 1) of all plants in all samples, usually with a decisive peak at leaf positions 3, 4, 5, or 6. Also, more leaves at lower leaf positions tended to be infested than leaves on the upper half of the plants. The data suggest samples ofO. pratensiscould be restricted to counts of female mites at leaf positions 1-6 when sampling to quantify population density or to detect insipient infestations.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/9.5.546

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The bases of resistance of 10Rhododendronspecies listed as resistant to foliar feeding by obscure root weevils (Sciopithes obscurusHorn) have been investigated. Feeding on 3 of the 6 Iepidote (scaled) species was significantly less than on ‘Cynthia’, a susceptible cultivar, in tests with both intact leaves and leaf discs. Only one of the 4 elepidote species,R. williamsianum, was fed on significantly less than Cynthia in both kinds of tests. A potent hexanes soluble feeding inhibitor was detected by use of a membrane filter bioassay technique in extracts from 5 of the lepidote species. Evidence of chemical feeding inhibitors in extracts from the elepidote species was less clear cut. Removal of the curled edge from leaves ofR. williamsianumdecreased their resistance to weevil feeding.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/9.5.549

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Late 5th-instar larvae of the tobacco budworm,Heliothis virescens(F.), collected in the field, primarily in cotton and soybeans, at Stoneville, MS in the fall of 1976 and 1977 and held in field cages produced diapausing pupae that survived the winter. Of 837 and 490 larvae caged in these years, 3.6 and 3.9%, respectively, emerged as adults in the following year. In 1977 and 1978, the period and pattern of adult emergence from the overwintered pupae indicated that adult emergence is controlled primarily by soil temperature during late winter and spring and that day length during this period has little if any influence. Low temperatures and excessive rainfall during the normal emergence period may delay emergence of some individual insects.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/9.5.553

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Feces from cattle fed alfalfa hay or grain diets were mixed in various proportions (wet weight) to study their effect on face fly survival. Fecal mixtures containing 10 to 40% grain feces enhanced larval survival and pupal weight. Greatest larval mortality occurred in fecal mixtures containing>70% grain feces. Fecal pH dropped below 5 within 24 h in the 75, 85 and 100% grain fecal mixtures. Adult eclosion was lower in mixtures with at least 50% grain feces. Fecal moisture content was proportional to the amount of alfalfa hay feces but was not a significant factor in larval survival.Lactic acid concentrations in alfalfa hay feces increased from 17.2 to 31.5 μg/g feces within 24 h whereas grain feces increased from 52.8 to 810.5 μg/g feces. Lactobacilli in alfalfa hay feces decreased from 104lactobicilli/g to 103/g after 24 h whereas grain feces initially had 107lactobacilli/g and increased to 108/g after 24 h. Coliform bacteria populations were not affected by as much as 50% grain fecal mixtures but acid produced in the 100 and 75% grain fecal mixtures destroyed coliform bacteria after 24 and 48 h, respectively.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/9.5.557

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Repeated applications of ethyl and methyl parathion for artichoke plume moth control on globe artichoke in California results in the resurgence of a secondary pest, the Chrysanthemum Ieafminer,Phytomyza syngenesiae(Hardy), due primarily to disrupting effects on the eulophid parasitoids. A field trial testing the effects of 8 insecticices on the fly and on a primary parasitoid,Chrysocharis ainsliei(Crawford), indicated the most favorable selectivity with acephate, followed by aldicarb and phosalone which allowed for adequate fly control with minimum adverse effects on the parasitoid.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/9.5.561

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Four consecutive years of municipal sewage disposal by spray irrigation produced marked changes in the populations and species composition of the mosquitoes present in an experimental water quality management project in Michigan. These changes are described and their relevance to the widespread use of similar sewage disposal systems are discussed.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/9.5.563

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: OUP