摘要:

An artificial seed system has been developed to evaluate putative allelochemicals and plant fractions for effects on growth and development of the bruchid,Callosobruchus maculatus(F.). The artificial seeds, which are prepared using flour from a bruchid-susceptible cowpea cultivar, permit rates of larva growth and development and survivorship comparable with those obtained with the intact parent cowpea seed. Experiments with artificial seeds containing various inhibitors of mammalian digestive proteinases demonstrated the applicability of the technique to evaluation of chemicals for effects on bruchid growth and development. Certain inhibitors (e.g., Bowman—Birk inhibitor from soybeans) have adverse effects on bruchid growth and development; others (e.g., lima bean trypsin inhibitor) have little or no effect.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/15.6.1286

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1986

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Western flower thrips,Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande), a known vector of tomato spotted wilt virus, was found to be associated with 48 plant species growing within the Kula vegetable-growing region on the island of Maui, Hawaii. High populations ofF. occidentaliswere found within the blossoms of three woody legume species,Leucaena glauca(L.) Benth.,Prosopis pallida(Humb.&Bonpl ex Willd.), andAcacia decurrensWilld., and on crisphead lettuce, romaine, tomato, and cabbage.F. occidentalisalso occurred on 12 common weed species of lettuce fields. Thrips populations associated withL. glaucawere greatest at low elevations (200–450 m) in June and at higher elevations (500–640 m) in July.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/15.6.1292

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1986

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Laboratory populations of three age classes of immatureMuscidifurax zaraptorKogan&Legner, a parasite of pupal house flies and stable flies, were placed at three depths (0–3, 6–9, and 12–15 cm) in open silage during October in Nebraska. Parasites overwintered successfully only at the 0- to 3-cm depth. Similar observations were recorded for a natural population ofM. zaraptor.Survival was higher for second/third instars and early pupae.Spalangia cameroniPerkins andUrolepis rufipesAshmead placed 0–3 cm deep in silage in November in the second/third-instar age class survived the winter at subfreezing temperatures. Failure of parasites to survive at greater depths was probably a result of high temperatures and anaerobic conditions. For each species, the proper combination of depth of habitat, stage of development, and temperature were necessary to assure successful overwintering in open silage in Nebraska.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/15.6.1296

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1986

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Urolepis rufipes(Ashmead), a parasitoid of house flies,Musca domesticaL., recently discovered in New York dairies, was reared at 15, 20, 25, 30, and 34°C to measure development rate and survivorship of immatures. Little development occurred at 15°C, and only a few females successfully emerged at 34°C. Female development time from egg to adult was 29, 13, 10, and 11 days at 20, 25, 30, and 34°C, respectively. Males emerged 1–3 days sooner than females, depending on temperature. Percentage of emergence was significantly affected by temperature, and females were significantly more successful in emerging from host puparia than males. Survival rate of immature progeny did not differ significantly with age of the mother.U. rufipeshas a faster development rate than most other house fly parasitoids studied to date, making it an attractive biological control agent.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/15.6.1301

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1986

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Horn fly,Haematobia irritans(L.), counts were made on a group of cattle in the sandhills of Nebraska over a 2-year period. Counts on both sides of cattle were made three times a day, twice weekly on 10 black/white-face cattle and 10 red/white-face cattle. Analysis indicated that a significantly higher number of flies was observed on black/white-face cattle than on red/white-face cattle. Also, a circadian pattern of horn fly distribution was observed. In the morning, the majority of flies were found on shoulders, sides, and belly midline, and in the afternoon flies were concentrated on belly midline and sides. Flies returned to shoulder areas again at dusk.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/15.6.1307

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1986

数据来源: OUP