摘要:

SummaryThe experience of hospital inpatient stays at childbirth was studied in a longitudinal study of the experiences of 96 first‐time parents during the transition to parenthood. For women, the prospect of birth was a major worry during pregnancy. Negative expectations proved in general to be justified by events, with many women reporting predominantly bad memories of the experience. Satisfaction with the hospital inpatient stay is also considered: a major source of dissatisfaction was inadequate help with breast feeding, which produced many difficulties. Middle class mothers were in general more dissatisfied with their hospital stay, as were women who had Caesarean births. Relationships were found between antenatal class attendences and the likelihood of a normal delivery and reported pain during childbirth. The role and experience of fathers was also considered. Most expected to be at the birth from an early stage in pregnancy; more than two‐thirds were present for the delivery and half or more at the labour. Their experience at this time was more positive than that of their partners. But during the hospital stay, this role was much more marginal. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for antenatal preparation, breast feeding and paternal involvem

ISSN:0305-1862    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2214.1987.tb00533.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAt the age of 16 years, young disabled people receiving attendance allowance are required to reapply for the benefit to establish their entitlement. As a consequence a substantial minority lose the benefit altogether or have it reduced. If this happens they can ask for a review of the decision and about two‐thirds of those who do so are successful in having the allowance restored. This paper is concerned with the reassessment and review of attendance allowance at 16 years and is based on a study of a sample of young disabled people who had recently experienced the process. It concludes that inconsistency in the assessment process represents an unnecessary risk to the entitlement of recipient

ISSN:0305-1862    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2214.1987.tb00534.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryChanges are described in the achievements of children aged 2–8 years on the Griffiths Scales of Mental Development (Extension) between iy60 when the extended scale was introduced and 1980. Satisfactory performance was achieved on the majority of test items at a considerably younger age than in 1960. Two hundred and seventeen children were tested between 1978 and 1982 and compared with 1397 children in the original “1960” sample. The mean general quotient of 111·7 for the total 1980 sample is significantly higher than the mean of 100–4 for the I960 children. Although the numbers of “1980” children are relatively small, findings are in agreement with other recent studies which have found average quotients for normal children to be significantly higher than the original norms. Within the overall change in mean score, social class differences were significant. When subscales and different age groups were examined separately, hand‐eye coordination and the latter half of the 2nd year were least changed. The importance for clinicians of the ceiling effect of the Griffiths scales is discussed. The present study suggests that for many normal children in their 5th and 6th years the test does not extend far enough for them to reach their true ceiling, making the test of limited use with a significant proportion of children past thei

ISSN:0305-1862    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2214.1987.tb00535.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryData from 201 infants in South East Scotland certified at death as sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) were analysed to determine whether the cases in the younger age groups at death (4–19 weeks) differed from those in the older group (19–52 weeks) on a number of background, developmental and medical variables frequently associated with SIDS in research findings. Some of the findings of the study wore contrary to much of the research on SIDS in general. While some factors commonly associated with SIDS were found in both groups the “typical” pattern presented in SIDS in the literature was more strongly associated with the older group. Marked differences between the two age groupings at death raise questions concerning those aspects of causation and aetiology that may go undetected if this distinction is not made during the analysis of SIDS info

ISSN:0305-1862    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2214.1987.tb00536.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummarySeveral professional groups share an interest in the effects of prenatal and perinatal adversities on children's development. The aim is to present a conceptual and methodological framework which will foster multidisciplinary study in this area. Recent evidence and principles about early life adversities, and developmental processes, are reviewed. The limitations of studies which address discrete variables at single points in time are highlighted. The proposal is that reproductive adversities are most effectively conceptualized as perturbations of infants' endogenous and social regulatory systems, which lead to adaptive developmental processes. The origins of maladaptations are to be found not simply in fixed, within‐the‐child, characteristics but in an understanding of regulatory processes; particularly the regulatory exchange between child and caregivers. A study is used to illustrate the translation of the model into research des

ISSN:0305-1862    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2214.1987.tb00537.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:The Adolescent Unit. Work and Teamwork in Adolescent Psychiatryedited by Derek Steinberg.Psychopathological Disorders of Childhood, 3rd edn, edited by H. C. Quay&J. S. Werry.Child Health Behavior. A Behavioral Pediatrics Perspectiveedited by Norman A. Krassenger, Josephine D. Avasteh&Michael F. Cataldo.Designing Special Programmes. A Handbook for Teachers of Children with Learning Difficultiesby Tony Branwhite.Care of the Child with Diabetesedited by J. D. Baum&A. L. Kinmonth.Self‐Assessment for Paediatric Examinationsby David Isaacs&Christopher D. Mitchell.Frontiers of Infant Psychiatry, volume 11 edited by J. D. Call, E. Galenson&R. L. Tyson.Towards Curriculum Development, Occasional Paper Number 1andDesign for Living, Occasional Paper Number 2edited by J. G. Evans&E. Meyer.The Rubella Action Packby Eva Geser&Claire Robbins.High Risk Infants: Identification, Assessment and Interventionby Louis M. Rossetti.Lecture Notes on Paediatrics, 5th edn, by S. R. Meadow&R. W. Smithells.Profound Retardation and Multiple Impairment. Volume I, Development and Learning and Volume II, Education and Trainingby James Hogg&Judy Sebb

ISSN:0305-1862    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2214.1987.tb00538.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0305-1862    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2214.1987.tb00539.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY