摘要:

SummaryThis study reports the results of motor performance measurements of Senegalese children aged 3·5–5·5 years. A total of 69 children were studied, of whom 30 were from a town and were attending a nursery school, while 39 were from rural areas and did not attend school. The tests were administered three times at 6 months intervals. The children were divided into two age groups: younger group (less than 4·5‐years‐old) and older group (more than 4·5‐years‐old). They had physical growth inferior to the international reference. In the successive tests carried out over one year, the children showed progress, while the difference in sex was insignificant. The younger group of urban origin performed better than their rural counterparts in tests of imitation, coordination, precision of movements, running, and balancing. There was less difference in older children according to their origin, however, the urban children had better physical growth and developed a stronger hand grip than their rural counterparts. The usefulness of nursery school as a vehicle for nutritional assistance and motor stimulation of underprivileged children has be

ISSN:0305-1862    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2214.1994.tb00398.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryMembers of the Child Growth Foundation were surveyed to ascertain how children's growth problems were diagnosed. For many (46%) it was the parents who first expressed a concern about the child's growth. Routine height monitoring detected only 8%. Parents consulted a doctor promptly when worried, but there were often delays between the first medical consultation and referral to a hospital consultant. Many parents reported that their concerns were not taken seriously.

ISSN:0305-1862    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2214.1994.tb00399.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThis paper reviews the literature on sleep problems in preschool children, aiming to raise awareness of the current knowledge in this field. The article begins with a discussion of the prevalence of sleep problems in young children. Disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep are by far the most common type of sleep problem in this age group, and are therefore the focus of this review. The effects of sleep disturbance are examined, focusing on how parents often feel desperate and in need of support outside the family. The causes of sleep problems are considered and the complexity in identifying causal factors is highlighted. The article continues with an exploration of the treatment of sleep problems, suggesting that much of the advice given to parents is contradictory. The literature demonstrates that the use of medication is common, but it appears that this method of treatment is of limited benefit. It seems that behaviour modification or a psychodynamic approach may be much more successful, and the use of self‐help manuals/booklets has been shown to be useful by some authors. Finally, preventative strategies are discussed highlighting the need for further research in this are

ISSN:0305-1862    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2214.1994.tb00400.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryMothers of 45 children with a liver disease (biliary atresia) completed a questionnaire concerned with their child's health status and psychological adjustment. Emotional and behavioural problems were found to be common; 46% of children under 5 and 43% over 5 years of age scored above the cut‐off on standardized measures of adjustment. Maternal mental health difficulties were present in 36% of the sample. The study examined factors that predicted child adjustment, results indicating that maternal perceptions of severity accounted for 40% of the variance in children's psychological adjustment. Neither maternal mental health, nor objective parameters of the child's health status contributed significantly to child adjustment. The findings are discussed in terms of Wallander's model of adaptation to chronic disease and the practical implications for clinical practice are discusse

ISSN:0305-1862    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2214.1994.tb00401.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe optimal design for most clinical trials of treatment is the randomized controlled group trial. This methodology is not, however, uniformly applicable or appropriate. The evaluation of physiotherapy in the management of cerebral palsy in childhood is a good example of treatment for which modification of this trial design is needed. Some of the problems with eight studies in this field published between 1960 and 1993 are reviewed here and an alternative approach proposed. A representative series of single case studies with individual goal setting and a validated outcome measurement, using randomized treatment, would overcome many of the disadvantages of published studies at a greatly reduced cost. The results would enable more effective group trials to be mounted in due course to evaluate the probable impact of providing treatment to a defined population of subjects.

ISSN:0305-1862    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2214.1994.tb00402.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this articles:“ABC of one to seven”by H.B. Valman.The Child As Thinker. The Development and Acquisition of Cognition in Childhoodby Sara Meadows.On the Death of a Childby Celia Hindmarch.Community Paediatricsby Leon Polney and David Hull.Recent Advances in Paediatrics 12by T. J. David.Making Music with the Young Child with Special Needs: A Guide for Parentsby Elaine Stree

ISSN:0305-1862    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2214.1994.tb00403.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0305-1862    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2214.1994.tb00404.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY