摘要:

SummaryThis paper reports data relating to the development of a screening test for language impairment in 2½‐year‐oId children. The screening test itself has previously been described. The results of a pilot study and a larger community study are reported. In all, 34 children were included in the pilot study and 1015 in the community study. The reference test selected was the Reynell Developmental Language Scales and the cutoff adopted 1·5 standard deviations below the mean for either the expressive or the receptive scale of the test concerned. The pass mark on the screening test was ascertained using receiver operating characteristics (ROC). The validity is reported given the cut‐off identified. The specificity, sensitivity and both positive and negative predictive abilities are reported for both the pilot and the subsequent study. The application of the test is discussed in the context of the current debate about early identif

ISSN:0305-1862    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2214.1994.tb00392.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA total of 21 healthy siblings were interviewed about their experiences when a brother or sister is diagnosed with cancer. Information about the illness, opinions about who should inform siblings, social support, specific worries and worst memories were studied, as well as perceptions of any differences in the way they were treated by their parents. A short General Impact Scale was developed to assess the extent to which the siblings felt their lives had been disrupted by the illness. Results on these measures were compared with scores on four dimensions of the Sibling Perception Questionnaire (Carpenter&Sahler 1991). Siblings who reported some positive effects as a consequence of the illness (they had become more empathic toward others, or valued life more) perceived their interpersonal relations to be more negatively affected, i.e. there were greater difficulties in their relationships with others especially their parents. Higher scores on communication were related to less of an impact of the illness on life generally. However, these siblings also reported heightened concerns that their brother or sister might die. The data suggested that siblings should have opportunities to talk about implications of the disease, especially worries about death, and more efforts should be made to prepare siblings for visits to hospital and seeing the sick child.

ISSN:0305-1862    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2214.1994.tb00393.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThis study sought to assess the generalizability of the crying ‘peak’ previously found in Western infants at around 6 weeks of age. To this end, maternal reports and audiorecordings were used to compare the crying patterns of 2, 6 and 12‐week‐old infants in two cultures expected to differ in their approaches to babycare. As anticipated, Manali mothers were less inclined to leave their babies to cry, took them into their own beds more often, were more likely to be breastfeeding and breastfed their babies to an older age. In spite of these differences, both Manali and London mothers reported their babies to have an evening crying peak, most pronounced at 6 weeks, during this age‐range; indicating that this is a general feature of infant development rather than a reflection of Western methods of babycare. Although the maternal reports suggested lower incidences of crying in the Manali infants, the study failed to produce convergent, tape‐recorded evidence that this was the case. The definitional and methodological implications of the findings ar

ISSN:0305-1862    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2214.1994.tb00394.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryMany children who cannot speak, comprehend both oral and written language. Having knowledge of language is not the same as being able to use language for social transactions. Non‐vocal children learn to use augmented and assisted systems, but they experience specific difficulties in initiating and maintaining conversations and making use of the pragmatic functions of language. The purpose of this study was to investigate the semantic and syntactic knowledge of a child with severe multiple disabilities who can read and write and comprehend two languages, but does not initiate conversation. The study demonstrates that high levels of language comprehension and ability to read and write do not automatically transfer to conversational competence or narrative abilit

ISSN:0305-1862    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2214.1994.tb00395.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummarySince their arrival in Britain most Vietnamese mothers have abandoned traditional infant feeding practices for ‘modem’ methods which are unsatisfactory and expensive. Health staff are not perceived as a source of information or support. This paper emphasizes the need for culturally sensitive initiatives to reverse this tr

ISSN:0305-1862    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2214.1994.tb00396.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this articles:Food&Food Additive Intolerance in Childhoodby T. J. David.Intravenous Feeding of the Neonateedited by V. Y. H. Yu&R. A. MacMahon.Playtherapy with Children: a practitioner's guideby S. Jennings.The Practice of Medicine in Adolescenceedited by C. G. D. Brook.Child Abuse and Neglect by Christopher J. Hobbs, Helga G. I. Hanks and Jane M. Wynne.The Trouble with Teenagersby M. Rose.

ISSN:0305-1862    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2214.1994.tb00397.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY