ISSN:1755-6171    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-618X.1972.tb02391.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The author intends both to describe a native credit institution in a peasant community and to analyse its overt and covert functions. The community fund, managed by the local authority (presidencia auxiliar) is theoretically available to all household heads who can show solvency (e.g., by pawning a piece of property, usually land). Apart from assisting peasants who face a shortage of cash, another overt function of the system is to finance, with the interests which are paid back on the loans, the functioning of the local administration. Because of the great economic discrepancies between peasants (50 per cent of them own no land, while 2.5 per cent own 30 per cent of the land) one real, although covert, function of the credit institution is to channel a substantial amount of cash to the local upper class (which has little access to banking facilities). Therefore it actually enhances their economic domination over the majority of villagers, which fact allows us to understand the strict control they have exerted over the management of the fund since its foundation, some 40 years ago.

ISSN:1755-6171    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-618X.1972.tb02392.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Utilisant d'abord l'analyse componentielle ‐ qui présente un grand intérêt pour l'ethnologie des systèmes cognitifs, comme Font démontre les recherches récentes ‐ l'auteur établit que l'ensemble des termes de parenté d'une population nahuat du Mexique oriental peut être percu comme le reasultat de certaines opérations theaoriques simples ‐ oppositions, permutations ‐ à partir d'un nombre limité d'éléments. Elle complète ensuite cette perspective par une approche plus «classique», qui s'inspire du structuro‐fonctionnalisme et qui lui permet d'expliquer certaines particularités du système qu'elle a décrit: entre autres l'emploi de certains termes espagnols et le fait que d'autres termes indigenes soient en train de tomber en désuétude. Elle montre que ces phénomènes sont consécutifs aux transformations socio‐économiques des dernières générations qui ont profoundément modifyé tant les dimensions que la

ISSN:1755-6171    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-618X.1972.tb02393.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In the present article, the author examines the relationships existing between the ecological cycle and the ritual cycle of a Quechua‐speaking community of the South Central Andes of Peru (Department of Ayacucho). His analysis takes into consideration a double dimension: the ecological (objective and subjective) and the spatio‐temporal (physical and cultural). These two dimensions are seen as the essential basis for the elaboration of a dynamic model of analysis of the Andean communities. This model relies heavily on Murra's formulation of the “vertical” control of the ecology, and is exemplified by data the author and a Peruvian colleague, Salvador Palomino Flores, collected

ISSN:1755-6171    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-618X.1972.tb02394.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1755-6171    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-618X.1972.tb02395.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper is concerned with the role of the traditional council of authorities (cabildo) in a Columbian community of Indian origin. It is shown that its evolution reflects that of the community, since thecabildohas always been essentially an interaction mechanism between the community and the external society, more than the head of an autonomous body. Moreover, this mechanism has mostly been a tool, in the hands of the colonial and, later, national upper class, for manipulating the Indians.The institution was first imposed upon the Indians to ensure their political submission to and economic integration into colonial capitalistic society. In Columbia, this leads to a relatively rapid acculturation of the Indians. During the Republic, a major change occurred when the national economy ceased to rest upon a tributary exploitation of the Indians: landlord/tenant relationships made local community structures useless. Many managed to survive, though, when they were able to keep a certain amount of land on which their members could lead an independent life. The community under study was among these, although its lands were drastically reduced (the better parts being grabbed by adjacent landowners). The local authorities, left without any power to stop these abuses, saw their roles confined to the solution of internal petty disputes. From 1920 on, the further integration of the community in the national economy, through intensive cash‐cropping, has gradually made even this reduced role redundant.The author believes that in the study of peasant political systems, a diachronic study of the interrelationships between the economic and the political level is necessary if the understanding is to be complet

ISSN:1755-6171    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-618X.1972.tb02396.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:K. Ishwaran (ed.), The Canadian Family.National museum of man, Contributions to Anthropology VII.Rex A. Lucas, Minetown, Milltown, Railtown.John Harp and John R. Hofley (eds.), Poverty in Canada.Craig L. Boydell, Carl F. Grindstaff, Paul C. Whitehead (eds.), Critical Issues in Canadian Society.

ISSN:1755-6171    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-618X.1972.tb02397.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1755-6171    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-618X.1972.tb02398.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY