摘要:

AbstractA heptafluoroadipic acid has been prepared by oxidation of the mixture of polyfluorocyclohexanes obtained by the vapour‐phase fluorination of benzene with cobaltic fluoride at 150°. Various derivatives of the acid were isolated and some of their reactions have been investigat

ISSN:0021-8871    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5010040701

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1954

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFluorination of benzene, in the vapour phase, over cobaltic fluoride at about 150° gave a complex mixture of polyfluorocyclohexanes. Two definite compounds present were undeca‐ and a decafluorocyclohexane. Other components corresponded to nona‐ and octa‐fluorocyclohexanes, though in these cases a number of isomers appeared to be present. Hydrogen fluoride was eliminated when the cyclic polyfluorides were treated with alkali and the resultant olefins were oxidized to carboxylic acids. Perfluorocyclohexane, perfluoroadipic acid, a nonafluorocyclohexane and a perfluorocyclohexadiene were prepared in this way. Oxidation of the high‐boiling components of the polyfluorocyclohexane mixture afforded a hexafluoroadi

ISSN:0021-8871    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5010040702

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1954

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe corrosion of tin by hot sodium hydroxide solutions is accelerated by small additions of sodium chromate but is retarded by larger additions. Tinplate immersed in solutions containing sufficient remains bright and acquires an improved resistance to some other forms of corrosion; the pores in the tin coating rust less readily in the atmosphere and the tin surface becomes much more resistant to staining by sulphur‐containing materials and to oxidation on heating in air.The best procedure and methods of test have been sought in order to provide a process for treatment of tinplate. Trials of canning soup in cans made from treated tinplate and in treated cans have shown the treatment to have practical value.A reliable procedure is to immerse tinplate in a solution containing 10 g. of sodium hydroxide, 3 g. of sodium chromate and a small quantity of a wetting agent in 1 litre, for a minimum of 3 seconds at 90–95°. A test of the correct working of the solution is to immerse treated samples in a hot solution containing 10 g. of potassium sulphide (liver of sulphur) and 10 g. of sodium hydroxide in 1 litre at 90–95° for 30

ISSN:0021-8871    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5010040703

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1954

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAdsorption isotherms of water vapour have been determined at 25° on some laboratory and commercial samples of silica gel. A McBain‐Bakr type of sorption balance, which included a ‘Pyrex’ glass spring of high sensitivity, was employed.The Brunauer, Emmett&Teller (B.E.T.) method is used to compare the water isotherms with those of nitrogen, previously determined on the same samples. It appears likely that water does not form a close‐packed m

ISSN:0021-8871    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5010040704

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1954

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe interaction of benzyl acetate and cellobiose α‐octa‐acetate, used as models for cellulose acetate, with some solvents for cellulose acetate, has been studied by a dielectric‐constant method. Chloroform andm‐cresol appear to form complexes with benzyl acetate in hexane solution, the molecular proportions being 2:1m‐cresol: benzyl acetate and 1:1 or 3:2 chloroform: benzyl acetate. Complex‐formation between benzyl acetate and acetone, dioxan or pyridine was not detectable. Some evidence was obtained for 1:1 complexes of cellobiose α‐octa‐acetate withm‐cresol and aniline in dioxan solution. Complex‐formation between the octa‐acetate and acetone, ethyl acetate, pyridine and chlo

ISSN:0021-8871    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5010040705

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1954

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA semi‐micro Kjeldahl method is described, in which for the first time an unmistakable colour indication is given of the completeness of conversion into ammonium sulphate. Instead of the usual catalysts, crystalline potassium permanganate is used as oxidant and digestion is complete in about 13 minutes; the distillation takes about 8 minutes. With only a single distillation unit, 36 determinations can easily be made in a working day. The method has been thoroughly tested in our laboratories for about six month

ISSN:0021-8871    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5010040706

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1954

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn examination has been made of the products of combustion of some chlorinated plastics. The main products were hydrogen chloride, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. Small amounts of carbonyl chloride were detected but they were unimportant compared with the concentrations of the other toxic gases.

ISSN:0021-8871    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5010040707

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1954

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIt has been shown previously that water becomes non‐corrosive to iron and steel after contact with certain metal soaps (Pb, Zn, Ba, Sr, Ca) of linseed‐oil fatty acids.Aqueous extracts of the lead and calcium soaps have now been analysed, mainly by chromatography. The extracts contained salts of formic acid, azelaic acid and an unsaturated hydroxy‐acid derived from pelargonic acid; small quantities of the salts of acetic, propionic, butyric and suberic acids were also detected.Immersion tests showed that lead and calcium formates were corrosive, but the lead and calcium salts of azelaic acid, suberic acid and pelargonic acid were inhibitive at pH 4.6. A synthetic mixture was made, which had inhibitive properties similar to those of a natural extract.Two hypotheses are put forward to explain the re

ISSN:0021-8871    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5010040708

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1954

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBy the use of values of heats of vaporization ΔHand of gas evolution that have been derived in a previous paper, it is now shown that a linear relationship exists between ΔHand a defined change of entropy ΔSat 298° K for both vapours and gases. Equations are also established that enable estimates to be made of the solubility of a given non‐polar gas in a given low‐vapour‐pressure liquid, and of the value of ΔHfor vaporization and for gas evolution, all at 298° K, from a knowledge of the molecular weight of the va

ISSN:0021-8871    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5010040709

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1954

数据来源: WILEY